Background. A catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) is preceded by biofilm formation, which is related to several risk factors such as gender, age, diabetic status, duration of catheterization, bacteriuria before catheterization, virulence gene factor, and antibiotic usage. Aims. This study aims to identify the microbial composition of catheter samples, including its corresponding comparison with urine samples, to determine the most important risk factors of biofilm formation and characterize the virulence gene factors that correlate with biofilm formation. Methods. A longitudinal cross-sectional study was conducted on 109 catheterized patients from September 2017 to January 2018. The risk factors were obtained from the patients’ medical records. All catheter and urine samples were cultured after removal, followed by biomass quantification. Isolate identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitex2 system. Biofilm-producing bacteria were identified by the Congo Red Agar (CRA) method. A PCR test characterized the virulence genes of dominant bacteria (E. coli). All data were collected and processed for statistical analysis. Results. Out of 109 catheterized patients, 78% of the catheters were culture positive, which was higher than those of the urine samples (37.62%). The most common species isolated from the catheter cultures were Escherichia coli (28.1%), Candida sp. (17.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.9%), and Enterococcus faecalis (13.1%). E. coli (83.3%) and E. faecalis (78.6%) were the main isolates with a positive CRA. A statistical analysis showed that gender and duration prior to catheterization were associated with an increased risk of biofilm formation p < 0.05 . Conclusion. E. coli and E. faecalis were the most common biofilm-producing bacteria isolated from the urinary catheter. Gender and duration are two risk factors associated with biofilm formation, therefore determining the risk of CAUTI. The presence of PapC as a virulence gene encoding pili correlates with the biofilm formation. Biofilm-producing bacteria, female gender, duration of catheterization (more than five days), and PapC gene presence have strong correlation with the biofilm formation. To prevent CAUTI, patients with risk factors should be monitored by urinalysis tests to detect earlier the risk of biofilm formation.

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Corona Virus Disease 19 (penyakit COVID-19) yang disebabkan oleh virus Corona pertama kali merebak di kota Wuhan di China pada akhir Desember 2019 dan masih berlangsung sampai dengan saat ini. Diagnosis COVID-19 biasanya didasarkan pada anamnesis riwayat perjalanan seseorang dari daerah pandemik, gejala klinis dan beberapa pemeriksaan laboratorium. Pemeriksaan laboratorium yang cepat dan spesifik sangat diperlukan untuk mempercepat penanganan atau mengendalikan kasus. Sampai saat ini metode pemeriksaan yang cepat dan akurat masih terus dikembangkan. Oleh karena itu, pada tulisan ini akan dibahas mengenai beberapa metode pemeriksaan COVID-19, kelebihan dan kekurangannya serta cara memilih metode pemeriksan yang tepat. Metode yang akan dibahas antara lain yaitu metode molekuler, imunoserologi, radiologi, rapid antigen, GeNose, dan metode lainnya.

Burkholderia are intracellular pathogenic bacteria which can produce biofilm. This biofilm protects the intracellular pathogenic bacteria from antibiotic treatment and the immunological system of the host. Therefore, this review aims to describe the capacity of Burkholderia to form a biofilm, the regulation of its biofilm formation, the efficacy of antibiotics to eradicate biofilm, and the novel therapy which targets its biofilm. Burkholderia's biofilm is characterized by its lipopolysaccharides, exopolysaccharides (EPSs), biofilm-associated proteins, and eDNA. Its regulation is made by quorum sensing, c-di-AMP, sRNA, and two component systems. Many antibiotics have been used as sole or mixture agents; however, they are not always effective in eradicating the biofilm-forming Burkholderia. Inhibitors of quorum sensing and other non-conventional antibiotic approaches are promising to discover effective treatment of Burkholderia infections.

Virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2) termasuk dalam kelompok β-coronavirus yang merupakan virus RNA sense positif rantai tunggal dengan selubung lipid dan penyakit yang disebabkannya disebut Coronavirus Disease 2019 atau COVID-19. World Health Organization (WHO) secara resmi menyatakan wabah COVID-19 sebagai pandemi global dan pemerintah di seluruh dunia mulai menerapkan strategi untuk memperlambat penyebaran infeksi. Penularan SARS-CoV-2 umumnya melalui droplet tetapi penularan secara airborne (aerosol) juga mungkin terjadi. Ventilasi merupakan salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi transmisi secara airborne sehingga muncul pertanyaan tentang peran sistem heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) dalam penyebaran COVID-19 di lingkungan dalam ruangan. Penulis hendak mengkaji sumber-sumber kepustakaan yang tersedia yang membahas tentang kontaminasi udara dan area permukaan di lingkungan dalam ruangan dan pengaturan sistem HVAC dalam mencegah penyebaran SARS-CoV-2. Tulisan ini disusun dengan mengkaji 10 artikel jurnal penelitian yang berasal dari PubMed. Hasil kajian didapatkan bahwa pencegahan kontaminasi SARS-CoV-2 di dalam ruangan dengan sistem HVAC dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan laju ventilasi, menghindari sirkulasi udara kembali, menggunakan filter udara, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), serta rutin melakukan desinfeksi atau sterilisasi ruangan maupun permukaan.

Vitamin D in the form of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25D) has the function of modulating antigen presentation as well as T cell proliferation and phenotype, with the overall effect of suppressing inflammation and enhancing immune tolerance. Interventional and observational epidemiological studies provide evidence that vitamin D deficiency can increase the risk of respiratory infections such as COVID-19. COVID-19 is an infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus that attacks the respiratory system, resulting in severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) symptoms that can cause death. Vitamin D can naturally be obtained from food or by sunbathing, but in an infected condition, a person needs additional vitamin D from supplements. Therefore, this Literature Review was compiled with the aim of knowing the effect of vitamin D supplements in preventing COVID-19 and knowing the effect of vitamin D supplements in reducing the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. The method used is an electronic database using NCBI and PubMed. The author uses the keywords supplement d3, COVID-19, prevention. The criteria for selecting journals are based on the publication year above January 1, 2020, experimental research design, there is a comparison of vitamin D administration with controls or placebo in COVID-19 patients, and the study has been completed. Based on the established criteria, 10 journals were obtained as the main reference. The results of the literature review show that vitamin D has an important role in the body's immunity and is useful for increasing serum vitamin D levels so as to prevent and accelerate the healing of COVID-19. The dose of vitamin D for the prevention of COVID-19 in the elderly is 50,000 IU/month while the therapeutic dose for reducing mild to moderate symptoms is 10,000 IU/day for a week and continued with 5000 IU/day until recovery. However, if the patient has severe symptoms, comorbid disease and vitamin D deficiency, administer 40,000 IU/day.

This case study research aims to determine the impact of training and task shifts on nurses serving in the ICU of Ukrida Hospital Jakarta in dealing with two waves of Covid-19. The approach used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with the type of research used is a case study. Sampling was purposive sampling and obtained through in-depth interviews with five nurse informants at UKRIDA Hospital. Data were analyzed by qualitative analysis method. The results of this study identified 3 major themes, namely nurse professionalism, dedication, and legality. In the discussion above, it can be concluded that the increasing need for personnel in the ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic can be overcome by training and shifting tasks on an ongoing basis.

Di tengah ketatnya persaingan rumah sakit, peningkatan loyalitas pasien melalui kualitas layanan yang baik dan dapat diukur menjadi solusi dan memegang peranan penting. Pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit tidak dapat disamakan dengan pelayanan industri, karena dapat mempengaruhi dan memperburuk kondisi pasien sehingga menyebabkan kematian. Oleh sebab itu, penentu loyalitas pasien menjadi hal yang penting dan bervariasi berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan mulai dari kualitas layanan, citra rumah sakit, dan kepuasaan pasien. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner, dianalisis dengan menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan software Partial Least Square (PLS). Responden pada penelitian ini adalah pasien rawat inap RS Ukrida berjumlah 92 orang. Hasil penelitian pengaruh langsung didapatkan bahwa kualitas layanan berpengaruh positif terhadap citra rumah sakit dan kepuasaan pasien, dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas pasien; citra rumah sakit tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pasien; kepuasaan pasien berpengaruh positif terhadap loyalitas pasien, sedangkan pengaruh tidak langsung didapatkan citra rumah sakit tidak memediasi pengaruh kualitas layanan terhadap loyalitas pasien dan kepuasaan pasien signifikan memediasi pengaruh kualitas layanan terhadap loyalitas pasien. RS Ukrida yang baru saja berdiri di akhir tahun 2020 harus mampu memberikan pengalaman berobat yang baik dan menyenangkan terutama untuk pasien-pasien yang baru pertama kali berkunjung.