Pathogen infections and cancer are two major human health problems. Herein, we report the synthesis of an organic salt photosensitizer (PS), called 4TPA‐BQ, by a one‐step reaction. 4TPA‐BQ presents aggregation‐induced emission features. Owing to the aggregation‐induced reactive oxygen species generated and a sufficiently small ΔEST, 4TPA‐BQ shows a satisfactorily high 1O2 generation efficiency of 97.8 %. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that 4TPA‐BQ exhibited potent photodynamic antibacterial performance against ampicillin‐resistant Escherichia coli with good biocompatibility in a short time (15 minutes). When the incubation duration persisted long enough (12 hours), cancer cells were ablated efficiently, leaving normal cells essentially unaffected. This is the first reported time‐dependent fluorescence‐guided photodynamic therapy in one individual PS, which achieves ordered and multiple targeting simply by varying the external conditions. 4TPA‐BQ reveals new design principles for the implementation of efficient PSs in clinical applications.

tion of fertilization has reached 50 to 60% of the total increase in grain yields in China (Lu and Shi, 1998). A long-term (1982 to 2000) field experiment was conducted at Continued increases in agricultural production would Zhangye, Gansu, China, on a sandy clay loam (Typic Anthrosol) under require increased supply of irrigation water as well as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-wheat-corn (Zea mays L.) rotation to fertilizers. However, some studies have shown that condetermine the effects of N, P, and K chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure (M) on grain and straw yield, harvest index (HI), protein

SummaryBackground-The calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) assay measures thrombin generation in plasma.

Water-dispersible selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were created by using natural hyperbranched polysaccharide (HBP) as the stabilizer and capping agent under extremely safe conditions. The structure, morphology, size, and stability of the nanocomposites were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and static and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The results revealed that the spherical selenium nanoparticles (mean particle size of about 24 nm) were ligated with HBP to form nanocomposites (Se-HBP) in aqueous solution and were stable for over one month. In our findings, supported by the results of FTIR, TEM, AFM, and DLS, SeNPs were capped with the HBP macromolecules, as a result of strong physical adsorption of OH groups on Se surfaces, leading to a highly stable structure of Se nanoparticles in water. This work provided reaction sites for the complexation between HBP and Se to fabricate well-dispersed Se nanoparticles in aqueous system with potential bioapplications.

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biotechnology. They play conspicuously and increasingly important roles in precise tumor treatment due to their minimal invasiveness, high temporal-spatial resolution, high biosafety, and highly efficient antitumor ability. [6][7][8][9] As the kernel of phototheranostic systems, the exploitation of phototheranostic agents (PTAs) with high performance is crucial to the development of phototheranostic research. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Especially, PTAs with second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) emission [16][17][18][19] are attracting extensive interest in the last few years for higher signal-to-noise ratio, deeper penetration depth, and lower light absorption, scattering, and autofluorescence interference from biological tissues. [20][21][22][23] In order to attain highly efficient NIR-II PTAs, four strategies are commonly used to red-shift absorption and emission wavelengths of fluorophores: [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] 1) lengthening the conjugated chain of fluorophores; 2) enhancing intramolecular donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions; 3) tuning the strength and number of donor/acceptor in the fluorophores; 4) fabricating J-aggregates. Although many efforts have been made, most reported NIR-II PTAs so far are mainly D-A-D and D-π-A type fluorophores. [32][33][34] While A-D-A type PTAs are rarely studied [35][36][37][38] Phototheranostics with second near-infrared (NIR-II) imaging and photothermal effect have become a burgeoning biotechnology for tumor diagnosis and precise treatment. As important parameters of phototheranostic agents (PTAs), fluorescence quantum yield (QY) and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) are usually considered as a pair of contradictions that is difficult to be simultaneously enhanced. Herein, a fluorination strategy for designing A-D-A type PTAs with synchronously improved QY and PCE is proposed. Experimental results show that the molar extinction coefficient (ε), NIR-II QY, and PCE of all fluorinated PTAs nanoparticles (NPs) are definitely improved compared with the chlorinated counterparts. Theoretical calculation results demonstrate that fluorination can maximize the electrostatic potential difference by virtue of the high electronegativity of fluorine, which may increase intra/intermolecular D-A interactions, tighten molecule packing, and further promote the increase of ε, ultimately leading to simultaneously enhanced QY and PCE. In these PTA NPs, FY6-NPs display NIR-II emission extended to 1400 nm with the highest NIR-II QY (4.2%) and PCE (80%). These features make FY6-NPs perform well in high-resolution imaging of vasculature and NIR-II imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors. This study develops a valuable guideline for constructing NIR-II organic PTAs with high performance.

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