Resumo: A COVID-19, doença provocada pelo SARS-CoV-2 (novo coronavírus), surgiu na China em dezembro de 2019 e se espalhou rapidamente por todo o mundo. Diante desse cenário, este estudo objetivou identificar o impacto ou os efeitos da pandemia da COVID-19 na saúde dos adolescentes. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura do tipo scoping review valendo-se das seguintes bases de dados: Web of Science; CINAHL; PsycINFO; SciELO; PUBCOVID19. O estudo seguiu as etapas propostas pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs para scoping reviews, e a questão que orientou os procedimentos adotados foi construída pelo acrônimo PCC (população; conceito; contexto). Foram incluídos 11 artigos na revisão. Clinicamente, os adolescentes apresentam os mesmos sintomas da COVID-19 que os adultos acometidos pela doença. Verificou-se que a pandemia e as medidas sanitárias adotadas para controlar a contaminação são associadas a problemas de saúde mental em adolescentes. Especificamente, os adolescentes têm vivenciado de forma negativa as medidas de distanciamento social e fechamento das escolas. Essas medidas também podem favorecer a ocorrência de violências ou comportamentos agressivos no contexto doméstico. Serviços de saúde que atendem a população adolescente precisaram reorientar as práticas de cuidado, adotando o modelo virtual em substituição ao cuidado presencial, e mesmo as pesquisas precisaram ser repensadas. Esta scoping review abordou um tema emergente em relação a uma população pouco considerada nos estudos sobre a COVID-19. Os resultados sugerem que a situação de pandemia pode ser considerada um determinante que afeta diferentes dimensões da vida dos adolescentes.

This study’s objective was to verify whether improved social and emotional skills would reduce victimization among Brazilian 6th grade student victims of bullying. The targets of this intervention were victimized students; a total of 78 victims participated. A cognitive-behavioral intervention based on social and emotional skills was held in eight weekly sessions. The sessions focused on civility, the ability to make friends, self-control, emotional expressiveness, empathy, assertiveness, and interpersonal problem-solving capacity. Data were analyzed through Poisson regression models with random effects. Pre- and post-analyses reveal that intervention and comparison groups presented significant reduced victimization by bullying. No significant improvement was found in regard to difficulties in practicing social skills. Victimization reduction cannot be attributed to the program. This study contributes to the incipient literature addressing anti-bullying interventions conducted in developing countries and highlights the need for approaches that do not exclusively focus on the students’ individual aspects.

Abstract

Resumo Sucessivas ondas de pandemias podem impactar a saúde mental dos profissionais da saúde. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou apresentar evidências científicas sobre fatores associados ao impacto ocupacional e psicológico provocado por elas sobre os profissionais da saúde. Após realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura com buscas em cinco bases de dados, nove artigos foram incluídos neste estudo. O principal impacto explorado nos artigos é que as situações de pandemias guardam relação com quadros de estresse, ansiedade, insônia e sintomatologia depressiva nos profissionais que estão na linha de frente do cuidado. As condições de trabalho e as próprias características dos sucessivos fluxos globais de pandemias revelam desafios de pesquisas de ordem conceitual e empírica. Novos processos institucionais são necessários para otimizar benefícios em termos de saúde mental e prover o enfrentamento das situações-problema. Aprender com as ondas anteriores de pandemias é um passo importante na definição de uma agenda para futuras pesquisas.

Objective: to identify the characteristics and reasons reported by Brazilian students for school bullying. Method: this cross-sectional study uses data from an epidemiological survey (National Survey of School Health) conducted in 2012. A total of 109,104 9th grade students from private and public schools participated. Data were collected through a self-applied questionnaire and the analysis was performed using SPSS, version 20, Complex Samples Module. Results: the prevalence of bullying was 7.2%, most frequently affecting Afro-descendant or indigenous younger boys, whose mothers were characterized by low levels of education. In regard to the reasons/causes of bullying, 51.2% did not specify; the second highest frequency of victimization was related to body appearance (18.6%); followed by facial appearance (16.2%); race/color (6.8%); sexual orientation 2.9%; religion 2.5%; and region of origin 1.7%. The results are similar to those found in other sociocultural contexts. Conclusion: the problem belongs to the health field because it gathers aspects that determine the students' health-disease-care continuum.

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This exploratory and cross-sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence of bullying in a group of students and analyze the data regarding the gender of those involved in the violence. A questionnaire adapted from Olweus was applied in seven elementary education schools in Portugal. The sample consisted of 387 students between 7 and 14 years old. Data are presented in terms of descriptive statistics and differences between proportions were analyzed using chi-square tests. The gender analysis of victimization and aggression shows that boys and girls are both victims and aggressors, and there are significant differences in involvement in bullying between genders and the roles played. Boys are victims more often when considering different types of bullying, although significant differences were only found for physical aggression. Strategies that include gender roles are a priority for prevention and careful attention to this phenomenon in the school context. The questions addressed contribute to a broader understanding of the phenomenon, emphasizing the differential participation of boys and girls in bullying.

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