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Land use activities within a basin serve as one of the contributing factors which cause deterioration of river water quality through its potential effect on erosion. Sediment yield in the form of suspended solid in the river water body which is transported to the coastal area occurs as a sign of lowering of the water quality. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine potential soil loss using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model and the sediment yield, in the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) environment within selected sub-catchments of Pahang River Basin. RUSLE was used to estimate potential soil losses and sediment yield by utilizing information on rainfall erosivity (R) using interpolation of rainfall data, soil erodibility (K) using field measurement and soil map, vegetation cover (C) using satellite images, topography (LS) using DEM and conservation practices (P) using satellite images. The results indicated that the rate of potential soil loss in these sub-catchments ranged from very low to extremely high. The area covered by very low to low potential soil loss was about 99%, whereas moderate to extremely high soil loss potential covered only about 1% of the study area. Sediment yield represented only 1% of the potential soil loss. The sediment yield (SY) value in Pahang River turned out to be higher closer to the river mouth because of the topographic character, climate, vegetation type and density, and land use within the drainage basin

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A B S T R A C TThe demand for land in conjunction to infrastructure development is become crucial and expensive. In the near future, a problematic soil such as peat is becoming a final alternative. In crucial cases, peat land cannot be avoided and has been hosted for engineering structures (e.g., road, highway, railway and bridge). Peat soil is well established of its downgraded characteristics, highly compressibility and low in shear strength. This study aimed to investigate effect of fly ash and gypsum on the mechanical properties of peat soil. Fly Ash (FA) is a by-product material that is generated from the burning of coal in thermal power plants. In this study, gypsum was prepared chemically in the laboratory to simulate residue from Neutralization Underflow Process (NUF). For the first batch of samples, the peat samples were initially treated with Synthetic Gypsum (SG) in the ranges between 0 and 20% of sample dried weight (SG treated soil). In a second batch, the peat samples were prepared with 10% FA and then mixed thoroughly with different amounts of SG contents (0, 5, 10 and 20%) (10FA-SG treated soil). The results showed that soil treated with mixture of 10% FA and SG indicated lower liquid limit values than the SG treated soil. In compaction tests, the maximum dry density of both increased in both SG treated soil and FA-SG treated soil. The permeability of SG treated soil increased with the increases in SG contents. Similarly, occurred to permeability of FA-SG treated soil however, its values are lower than the soil treated without FA. Shear strength of SG treated showed decreased with increasing amount of SG content. In contrast, the FA-SG treated soil exhibited higher strength if compared to that of SG treated soil. The result suggested that the application of FA and SG mixture is more effective in stabilization in mechanical strength and densification of peat soil than the use of SG only.

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