Articles you may be interested inPhylogenetic relationships of Malaysia's pig-tailed macaque Macaca nemestrina based on D-loop region sequences AIP Conf.Abstract. The activity budget, ranging behaviour and feeding behaviour of a multimale-multifemale group of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) and a multimale-multifemale group of spectacled dusky leaf monkey (Trachypithecus obscurus) were studied. A total of 145 hours and 143 hours have been spent to observe the group of long-tailed macaque and spectacled dusky leaf monkey that ranged the same habitat adjacent to the campus areas. The researchers examined the activity budgets, daily travel length and feeding activity of both species and distinguished how the sympatric species used the same forested habitat. Preliminary study found that the long-tailed macaques spent longer time feeding, moving than resting and other activities. On the other hand, the dusky leaf monkey spent much time in feeding and resting than moving. The differences of daily pattern between these two groups are significant. Macaques have higher daily mean of path length compared to the dusky leaf monkey and spent much time moving compare to the leaf monkey group. The spectacled dusky leaf monkey group also has fully utilized the forested areas where else the long-tailed macaques adopted foraging to the adjacent residential colleges.
Abstract. Mohd-Asri NF, Kamaluddin SN, Dharmalingam S, Idris WMR, Md-Zain BM. 2021. Valuing ecotourism in Bukit Merah Orang Utan Island, Malaysia based on visitors’ experience. Biodiversitas 22: 1543-1549. Ecotourism has been identified as one of the alternative ways of boosting a region's economic status and highlighting the necessity of a healthier tourism sector. Bukit Merah Orang Utan Island (BMOUI) is the only ex-situ conservation center promoting primate ecotourism on the Malay Peninsula. We conducted a primate ecotourism survey at BMOUI to determine six ecotourism expressive valuations for describing the quality of tourists’ visits to BMOUI and estimating tourist’s willingness to pay (WTP) in relation to the entrance fee. Surveys were completed by 100 randomly selected respondents aged at least 18 years. Likert scale items and Cronbach’s alpha were used in the data analyses. Six ecotourism experiences (hedonic, interaction, novelty, comfort, stimulation, and safety values) were further analyzed using statistical software. The results showed that visitors experienced moderate hedonic experience (44.8%), moderate interactive value (42.35%), moderate novelty value (42.5%), medium comfort value (42.5%), medium stimulation value (42.7%), and low security value (37.15%). In addition, the mean WTP, determined by the bidding process, was about RM54.90 per visitor for each visit. The findings of ecotourism experiences and the estimated price can provide important information to BMOUI administrators. This study will contribute indirectly to upgrading the level of awareness of primate conservation aspects among tourists, entrepreneurs, and locals.
This paper marks the first attempt at using the molecular clock analysis on five Malaysian Bactrocera species based on combined data of COI and ND1 to test the divergence times of species that infested 11 varieties of fruits and vegetables. A divergence tree was constructed to estimate the cryptic species among the five closely related Bactrocera species viz. B. (Bactrocera) and B. (Zeugodacus). Both subgenera evolved and diverged approximately 21.5933 million years ago (MYA). The particularly complex taxonomical status of the sister-species B. papayae and B. carambolae has been resolved using the divergence tree; the two separated from the others approximately 2.743 MYA, while B. papayae and B. carambolae distinctly diverged between 1.9619 and 2.2884 MYA. Additionally, Bactrocera dorsalis showed divergence at 4.1596 MYA and was distinctly separate from the B. papayae. Interestingly, the molecular clock results are congruent with the phylogenetic tree that was analysed using Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference. Further, the taxonomical status and host utilisation of the five Bactrocera species were also briefly discussed, which indicated that B. cucurbitae (subgenus Zeugodacus) was infesting Cucurbitaceae and B. latifrons was infesting Solanaceaea, while B. dorsalis, B. carambolae and B. papaya were infesting a wide range of fruit species. Key message Divergence time of five Malaysian Bactroceran species is reported for the first time and found congruent with the results of phylogeny based on combined data of COI and ND1 markers using MP and Bayesian analyses. This finding could prove very crucial for resolving the most crucial taxonomic conflicts in Bactrocera classification, which is highly important initially in species identification for integrated pest management (IPM) programme.
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