This study aims to investigate the impact of halal healthcare attributes, intrinsic value, and extrinsic value on satisfaction, and explores how patient satisfaction with halal healthcare services influences word of mouth (WOM) to others. The cross-sectional survey was conducted in two cities with four Islamic-friendly hospitals across Malaysia. This study used purposive and non-probability random sampling methods. Partial least square (PLS) technique was used for data analysis of 309 Muslim patients with a response rate of 61.8%. Findings revealed that hospital’s halal healthcare attributes (β = 0.225, p < 0.01), hospital’s intrinsic value (β = 0.432, p < 0.01), and hospital’s extrinsic value (β = 0.196, p < 0.01) have significant influence on patient satisfaction with halal healthcare service, which in turn reflects the WOM to others (β = 0.692, p < 0.01). The results identified that satisfaction mediates the effect of hospital’s halal attributes, as well as hospital’s intrinsic and extrinsic values on WOM. These findings will contribute to healthcare service providers and academicians for further study to improve a framework for establishing a standard for halal healthcare service for patient satisfaction and WOM to others in Islamic-friendly hospitals.

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Consumers perceive a range of risks in online shopping, especially when compared to shopping in conventional stores. Customers tend to avoid online shopping if consumers perceive a certain number of risks. Several studies have indicated that positive online store image can reduce perceived risks. Nonetheless, only a handful of studies have determined the correlations between online store image and dimensions of perceived risks in online shopping. Therefore, this study identified the significant relationships between online store image and eight types of perceived risks. A total of 330 responses were gathered from experienced Malaysian online consumers, which were then analyzed using SPSS software. The findings indicated that online store image had significantly negative association with financial, product performance, time or convenience, psychological, social, and aftersale risks. This paper offers significant insights into online purchase platform providers, online retailers, and online marketers about the importance of online store image that can minimize the dimensions of perceived risks.

Consumers perceive a range of risks in online shopping, especially when compared to shopping in conventional stores. Customers tend to avoid online shopping if consumers perceive a certain number of risks. Several studies have indicated that positive online store image can reduce perceived risks. Nonetheless, only a handful of studies have determined the correlations between online store image and dimensions of perceived risks in online shopping. Therefore, this study identified the significant relationships between online store image and eight types of perceived risks. A total of 330 responses were gathered from experienced Malaysian online consumers, which were then analyzed using SPSS software. The findings indicated that online store image had significantly negative association with financial, product performance, time or convenience, psychological, social, and after-sale risks. This paper offers significant insights into online purchase platform providers, online retailers, and online marketers about the importance of online store image that can minimize the dimensions of perceived risks.

The s.o.a.r model has been used effectively in organizations to facilitate change and development while improving motivation, involvement and student achievement. It is an adaptation of the swot analysis where the major dissimilarity resides in their approach; the s.o.a.r analysis eliminates the bad aspects (threats, weaknesses) and replaces it with positive factors (aspirations and results). In every element of leadership, there is some element of management. However, leadership is what brings that out, not management. Thus, we believe that the term "classroom leadership" needs to be more prominent in academic conversations about teaching and learning.