1. Rats were fed to appetite on a stock laboratory diet or on diets consisting of the stock diet and in addition 50 or 200 g triolein/kg, 50 g palmitic acid/kg or 50 g/kg of a concentrate mixture of methyl branched-chain fatty acids (Me-BCFA) which had been prepared from sheep adipose triacylglycerols.2. No differences could be detected in the APdesaturase activity or fatty acid synthetase activity of liver preparations from rats which had been fed on either the stock diet, the 50 g palmitic acid/kg or the 50 and 200 g triolein/kg diet; the palmitic acid diet was therefore taken as the control diet in subsequent experiments.3. Rats consuming the 50 g Me-BCFA/kg diet exhibited a marked reduction in the capacity of their liver microsomes for A9-desaturation when compared with animals receiving the control diet. The A6-desaturase activity also showed an inhibitory trend with the Me-BCFA diet.4. Microsomal w-oxidation of fatty acids, mitochondria1 succinate oxidation and the activity of cytosolic fatty acid synthetase (FAS) were unaffected by the ingestion of the Me-BCFA mixture compared with the diet which included palmitic acid.
5.There were no differences in the plasma concentrations of thyroxin, insulin and glucagon between animals fed on the diets containing palmitic acid or the Me-BCFA.6. For a given concentration of fatty acids the Me-BCFA had a greater inhibitory effect when added to incubations of liver microsomes from rats fed on the standard diet than did the addition of palmitic acid.7. The observations in vivo and in vitro strongly suggested that the Me-BCFA were having a specific inhibitory effect on the desaturation reaction.
The removal of soluble components from an ovine hepatic microsomal preparation decreased the omega-hydroxylation of dodecanoic and hexadecanoic acids. The results suggest that one or more soluble components play a role in the microsomal omega-hydroxylation of fatty acids. The possible roles in the reaction of catalase (known to stimulate the microsomal desaturations of fatty acids and alkylglycerols) and superoxide dismutase were investigated. The addition of these enzymes to the complete (but not the washed) microsomal preparation stimulated both the initial omega-hydroxylation reaction and the subsequent dehydrogenation reactions of the omega-oxidation pathway. The similarity of the effects of catalase and superoxide dismutase and stimulation of two different steps of the omega-oxidation pathway suggest that these agents are acting indirectly by removing active oxygen species rather than directly on the enzymes of microsomal fatty acid omega-hydroxylation.
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