Nutrient Partitioning in Domesticated and Non-Domesticated Animals

Crawford, Michael; Hare, Walter R.; Whitehouse, David

doi:10.1016/b978-0-408-10864-5.50029-2

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Those supporting what has been referred to as the hyperdiffusionist perspective assert that chickens were brought to South America as part of a cultural complex directly from mainland or island Southeast Asia (4, 31), but no conclusive archaeological evidence has yet come to light to support this. An alternative theory presented is that chickens were introduced from Polynesia (1,5,32). The evidence presented here supports the latter hypothesis, and the similarities in ancient DNA patterns across wide geographic distances and Reference sequence…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Radiocarbon and DNA evidence for a pre-Columbian introduction of Polynesian chickens to Chile

Storey

Ramírez

Quiroz³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

417

296

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Two issues long debated among Pacific and American prehistorians are ( i ) whether there was a pre-Columbian introduction of chicken ( Gallus gallus ) to the Americas and ( ii ) whether Polynesian contact with South America might be identified archaeologically, through the recovery of remains of unquestionable Polynesian origin. We present a radiocarbon date and an ancient DNA sequence from a single chicken bone recovered from the archaeological site of El Arenal-1, on the Arauco Peninsula, Chile. These results not only provide firm evidence for the pre-Columbian introduction of chickens to the Americas, but strongly suggest that it was a Polynesian introduction.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Radiocarbon and DNA evidence for a pre-Columbian introduction of Polynesian chickens to Chile

Storey

Ramírez

Quiroz³

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

417

296

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although the Iron Age pigs studied were not truly wild, it is clear that the results are at variance with those suggesting that undome3ticated breeds are inherently lean (Crawford et al 1984;Walstra et al 1984). It is possible that in the wild the pigs are lean through having access to a low-energy diet only and expending more energy in activity than when housed in a piggery.…”

Section: Effect Of Breedmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The importance of differences in maturing rate between these two breeds has been considered in this study. Iron Age were chosen to represent 'undomesticated' or wild pigs because of reports that such animals are inherently lean (Crawford, Hare & Whitehouse, 1984;Walstra, Bergstrom & Mateman, 1984). If domestication has increased fat deposition in the carcass it might then be possible to improve the overall efficiency of lean meat production to a given market weight by including wild pigs in current breeding programmes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breed and sex effects on the development and proportions of muscle, fat and bone in pigs

1987

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SummaryThe development and proportions of muscle, fat and bone were studied in 341 entire male and female Iron Age (European Wild Pig × Tamworth), Pietrain and Large White pigs ranging in live weight from 12 to 370 kg. The number of pigs was: Large White, 138 entire males and 112 females; Pietrain, 41 entire males and 31 females; Iron Age, eight entire males and 11 females. The breeds and sexes were compared in terms of the allometric growth coefficients of tissues (b) and of tissue weights at constant side weight and constant weight of total side bone.At the geometric mean for side weight (26·5 kg), Pietrain carcasses had the most muscle (16 kg), followed by Large White (15kg) and Iron Age (11 kg), but the least fat (6 kg). Large White and Iron Age carcasses had 7 and 12 kg of fat, respectively. Relative to side weight, the earliest maturing tissue, bone, was particularly slow growing in Iron Age pigs (b = 0·627) and relatively fast growing in Large Whites (b = 0·801). The opposite was true for fat, the latest maturing tissue, and consequently Iron Age (b = 1·345) and Large White (b = 1·164) pigs were identified as early and late maturing, respectively. Pietrains had a higher growth coefficient for fat relative to side weight (b = 1·249) and lower growth coefficient for bone (b = 0·713) than Large Whites. The difference in percentage fat between Pietrains and Large Whites decreased slightly between 65 and 120 kg live weight. In terms of tissue growth patterns, Pietrains therefore demonstrated early maturing characteristics compared with Large Whites, and it is possible that a low voluntary feed intake under ad libitum feeding conditions prevents them from expressing these characteristics in terms of percentage of fat in the side. Pietrains had a particularly high muscle:bone ratio (6·2 at the mean side weight) compared with Large White (5·2) and Iron Age pigs (5·3).The difference in carcass composition between entire males and females was breeddependent. Entire male carcasses were slightly leaner overall and had a lower muscle: bone ratio than those of females, but tissue allometric growth patterns were similar in the two sexes.

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“…The domestication of the greylag goose was a complex phenomenon with a multiplicity of domestication centers (Albarella, 2005;Crawford, 1984; Zeuner, 1963). Although, an early center in China was recently suggested (Eda et al, 2022), it is commonly admitted that this process first occurred somewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean region (Crawford, 1984; Zeuner, 1963), possibly in Egypt, as early as the third or second millennium BC (Albarella, 2005).…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the status of greylag geese in Roman Paris: A linear and 2D geometric morphometric approach

Oueslati

Gruwier

2023

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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We investigate here the domestic status of goose remains from archaeological excavations of the Roman urban settlement of Paris Lutecia. Within the diet of the Parisii adult goose competes with chicken in importance, thus offering abundant material for exploring the question of the domesticity of this bird. We first use linear and geometric morphometrics on extant tarsometatarsi of wild and domestic greylag geese to investigate potential morphological differences between the two forms. Afterwards, we apply this model on a Roman sample from Lutecia. The extant domestic breed shows notable differences in length and gracility of the tarsometatarsus compared to the wild specimens. In domestic males, the tarsometatarsi appear significantly longer and more robust compared to females. In wild greylag geese, we do not observe significant differences between males and females. Geometric morphometric analysis shows a modification of the shape in the domestic form, with increased robusticity and a bend of the shaft towards the distal end. Following this analysis, we examine the metrical specificities of the archaeological sample that shows only an increase in robusticity and no modification of ON THE STATUS OF GREYLAG GEESE IN ROMAN PARIS: A LINEAR AND GEOMETRIC length and the shape relative to the wild form. Our linear and geometric morphometric models clearly indicates that the majority of the Roman geese are domestic. Nevertheless, a smaller number of wild greylag geese is also present and must be considered as being sourced from hunting activities in the surroundings of Lutecia.

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Nutrient Partitioning in Domesticated and Non-Domesticated Animals

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Radiocarbon and DNA evidence for a pre-Columbian introduction of Polynesian chickens to Chile

Radiocarbon and DNA evidence for a pre-Columbian introduction of Polynesian chickens to Chile

Breed and sex effects on the development and proportions of muscle, fat and bone in pigs

On the status of greylag geese in Roman Paris: A linear and 2D geometric morphometric approach

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