AbstrakMasyarakat di daerah rawa gambut memerlukan kayu sebagai cerucuk atau tiang pancang rumah. Kayu gelam (Maleleuca sp) ditemukan melimpah di hutan rawa gambut di Kalimantan. Kayu gelam termasuk kelas awet 3 yang berarti hanya dapat dipergunakan bila berhubungan dengan tanah selama 3 tahun. Kenyataan yang ada kayu gelam sebagai cerucuk /tiang pancang rumah dalam tanah rawa tetap kuat selama lebih dari 30 tahun. Pemanfaatan kayu ini mendukung untuk konservasi hutan rawa gambut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh lama penimbunan dan letak radial terhadap sifat fisika, mekanika dan kandungan silika kayu gelam. Penelitian dilakukan pada kayu gelam yang telah ditimbun dalam rawa gambut selama 10, 19, 31 dan 38 tahun. Sifat kayu yang dianalisis adalah sifat fisika mekanika mengikuti BS No 373. Uji silika dengan spektrometer. Analisis menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan faktorial. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa lama penimbunan meningkatkan berat jenis kayu gelam secara signifikan. Semakin lama penimbunan, semakin tinggi berat jenis (0,54-0,75). Persamaan yang diperoleh Y=0,449+0,063x 1 +0,01x 2 (Y=BJ kering tanur, x 1 = lama penimbunan, x 2 = letak radial). Pengaruh lama penimbunan pada kekerasan sejalan dengan BJ. Kadar silika kayu Gelam meningkat dengan semakin lama penimbunan. Lama penimbunan (10-38 tahun) meningkatkan BJ kering tanur 28,13 %, kekerasan 12,83%; kandungan silika 1,25%. Penggunaan kayu gelam merupakan kearifan lokal yang terbukti melestarikan lingkungan karena menghemat pemanfaatan kayu yang dinyatakan dengan kualitas kayu gelam yang relatif tidak menurun dalam penimbunan.Kata kunci: kayu gelam, kearifan lokal, lama penimbunan, rawa gambut, sifat fisika-mekanika, silika. Abstract Local community on peatswamp area need woods as poles. Gelam (Maleleuca sp) wood is found abundantly in
Gelam commonly grows in clumps in peat swamp forests of South and Central Kalimantan. This study aims to determine the effects of growing sites on the biomass content of gelam stands. The study was carried out by analyzing the soil content of growing sites toward the growth of gelam (i.e. the number of individuals and biomass per hectare). The study was conducted at two sites, with the following habitat types: site A – shallow peat with a depth of 51-100cm and only inundated on a high tide, and site B – a moderate peat with a depth of 101-200cm, not flooded but with a groundwater depth of less than 50cm at high tide. A forest fire at site B resulted in higher soil fertility (especially the element K) compared to site A, due to the presence of a pile of ash and charcoal. Also, the fire at site B created more open space, controlled weeds, and at the same time, killed some seedlings and saplings, thinning the site out. The growth rate of gelam at site B was higher than that of site A; at site B, the average height was 10.9m and the average diameter was 10.9cm while at site A, the average height was 9.97m and the average diameter was 10.3cm. The presence of ash, charcoal and more open space after the forest-fire resulted in a higher biomass content at site B (147.223 tons/ha) compared to site A (131.578 tons/ha).
Wood industry waste in Indonesia is very abundant, the percentage based on yield produced can reach 50% for sawdust, 70% for plywood industry waste, and 70% of forest harvesting waste. Wood pellets can be an alternative energy source and the availability of raw materials is very easy to find. Wood pellets are the main concern at this time because of the ease of use in raw materials and have environmentally friendly characteristics. The aims of this research was to investigate the characteristic of wood pellets from three types sawdust of wood waste from furniture industry on Palangkaraya city and compare the propreties of wood pellet with Indonesian National Standard (SNI 8021: 2018). This study used material from the sawdust waste of benuas (Shorea laevis Ridl), melur (Dacrydium spp), and jelutung rawa (Dyera polyphylla). Particles from those materials were made on 40-60 mesh, and to reduce the of extractive substances, the particles were extracted in hot water at 100°C for 3 hour. Pellets are made using single-pelletizer at room temperature with a pressure of 30 MPa for 4 hour. The target density of wood pellet was 1 g/cm³ with a diameter was 0.9 cm and length weas 4.5 cm. The results showed that the quality of Benuas, Melur and Jelutung Rawa wood pellets based on SNI 8021: 2018 wood pellet quality standards showed that the testing of wood pellets in general met the Indonesian National Standards except density. Based on the characteristics of the three types of sawdust waste studied based on specific gravity that the type of wood pulp with medium density as raw material for wood pellets that have the best quality because it has a lower water content of 3.72%, higher density 0.75 g / cm3, lower ash content 0.6%.
Wood processing industry waste consists of waste produced by the plywood industry, sawing and woodworking consisting of ends, blades, peelings, chips and sawdust. The use of wood waste is not utilized by the furniture industry and one of the solutions to its utilization by processing wood waste into activated charcoal. Activated charcoal can be made from all carbon-containing materials both organic and inorganic provided that the material is porous. Bangkirai, Rengas and Sengon wood waste as materials used in this study were carbonized first then activated charcoal. The quality test of activated charcoal carried out includes yield, air content, ash content, volatile matter content, carbon content, absorption of benzene, absorption of iodine and absorption of methylene blue. Overall, the results of testing the quality of activated charcoal did not all meet the requirements of SNI 06-3730-1995. The quality of activated charcoal from Rengas wood has the best quality (>456.59 mg /g) of all needs because the highest iodine absorption capacity according to Kimia Farma (KF) standards requires (> 426.5 mg/g). Rengas wood activated charcoal to bore wells improves the quality of drinking water No. 416/ Menkes / Per/IX /1990 except turbidity. Keywords : Active Charcoal, Bangkirai Wood Waste, Rengas, Sengon, Drilled Well Water.
Local wisdom in utilizing swamp soil and water to improve the quality of gelam wood in Central Kalimantan becomes an interesting phenomenon. Improving the quality of wood can economize on the use of wood, which in turn preserves the forests in peat swamp lands. Gelam (Melaleuca sp.) woods that are mostly found in peat swamp forests can be used as piles/stakes in swamp soil, and they are durable for decades. The general objective of this study was to provide a scientific explanation of the effect of peat swamp soil and water on improving the quality of gelam wood either in barked and barkless conditions. This study was conducted by taking gelam trees that grew in Central Kalimantan. It was carried out for 18 months, and investigated the barked/barkless woods, media (swamp water, freshwater, peat swamp soil, and sandy soil) and 3 lengths of burying times. Wood properties analyzed were physical and mechanical properties. The standard of physical-mechanical property tests referred to British Standard 373. The results showed that the interaction between bark factor (A) and media (B) affected specific gravity. Barked wood produced the highest spesific gravity in swamp water medium. Water media (swamp and fresh water) improved the wood’s specific gravity more than soil media (swamp and sandy soil). The highest values of hardness, stress on Proportional Limit, and Modulus of Elasticity were in the medium of swamp soil. The improvement of the quality of gelam woods, which were either buried or used as stakes/piles, was allegedly resulted from the swamp water infiltrating into gelam woods that thereby increased the specific gravity.
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