The purpose of the research is to develop and test the characteristics of durian's peels briquette as fuel material. It was tested by applying proximate analysis and was conducted in Laboratories. The researcher carbonized it at temperature 200-500 o C for 1.5 hours. From the process of proximate analysis on 450 o C carbonization temperature could be found that there is 77.87% Fixed Carbon (FC), 0.01% Moisture (M), 3.94% of Volatile Matter (VM) and 18.18% Ash (A). The chemical properties of briquettes gained 0.09% of moisture content, 0.99 g / ml of density, 6,274.29 kcal /kg of calorific value, the size of 100 mesh of briquettes composer particle have compressive strength at 15.10 N/cm 2 apply on 3.8 cm of diameter briquette in high at 6.5 cm.
<p class="Default">The present study was carried out to analyze bioactive compounds and their their antifeedant activityity in the cashew nut (Anacardiaceae) shell extract against <em>Bemisia tabaci</em>. Hexane was used as solvent in the extraction. The result showed that shell extract of total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins were 63.11 mg gallic acid equivalents g<sup>-</sup>1; 1.79 mg quercetin equivalents g<sup>-1</sup>; and 16.04 mg gallic acid equivalents g<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses showed that anacardic acid has the highest concentration (76.93 %) in the extract. The viscous extract of cashew nut at concentration of 0.75 % was able to inhibit the landing and provided an active role as anti-oviposition on <em>B. tabaci</em>. There were significantly fewer landings than after use of insecticide with imidacloprid active compound at concentration of 0.50 %, after 72 h of application. Mortalities of <em>B. tabaci</em> caused by extracts with concentration of 1.50 % and 3.00 % were not significantly different after 24 and 48 h of application. At concentration of 3.00 % there was no phytotoxic effect. The highest mortality of <em>B. tabaci </em>was obtained at concentration of 6.00 %. However, concentration of 6 % of extract caused phytotoxic symptoms on soybean leaves.</p>
Bio-briquette is a solid fuel made from organic waste and mixed with other materials and then printed using a certain pressure to get the desired shape and characteristics. This research is focused to know the influence of variation of pressure on the density, moisture content and combustion rate on the bio-briquette of sengon wood waste with variation of pressure 45 kg / cm2, 80 kg/cm2, 115 kg /cm2, 150 kg/cm2. Use of this research obtained the highest density 0.47 g/cm3 on the bacon of sengon wood bio-briquette with the pressure of 150 kg/cm2, the highest moisture value is 6.6 % in the bacon of sengon wood bio-briquette with pressure 150 kg/cm2 and burning at an average of 0,35 g /min of sengon wood waste with a pressure of 150 kg /cm2. The greater the pressure the higher the density, the lower the water content and the lower the burn rate.
In this article, the load resistance and energy absorptions of thin-walled structures on the square tube were numerically evaluated by the finite element method. This structure can be widely used in automotive industries, industrial buildings, ships, offshore platforms, and airplanes. In the finite element method, thin-walled structures on square tubes were examined with different wall thicknesses and materials. The materials used are mild steel, SAE 1045 steel, and SAE 1008 steel. Using the numerical results, the thickness of the wall influences the strength of the structure. Moreover, SAE 1045 steel material also seems to increase the strength of the tube under axial loading compared to the mild steel and SAE 1008 steel material. It is also important to remember that the finite element solution depends on defining your mesh size and boundary conditions. The mesh size is also compared and assessed.
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