Despite the enormous growth in Islamic banking, most studies, using DEA/Stochastic Frontier Analysis, find Islamic banks are either equally or less productive than conventional banks. We apply the Olley–Pakes (OP) and Ackerberg–Caves–Frazer (ACF) approaches for estimating the production functions of conventional, Islamic and mixed banks in Bahrain and Malaysia between 1990 and 2011. The ACF results are the most plausible. Though Islamic banks tend to be less efficient than conventional banks the difference is not statistically significant. In Malaysia, mixed banks are significantly more productive than other banks and tend to have faster productivity growth.
The rapid growth of the economy has led to the increased in road traffic networks and had indirectly led to the rapid cases of road accidents in Malaysia. Road accidents are one of the main contributors to human deaths in Malaysia. This paper attempts to measure road accidents in Malaysia by looking at the road accidents of 13 states and a federal territory. The aim is to measure the numbers and causes of road accidents by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Due to that, the input and output are identified to compute the efficiency level of road accidents. Apart of that, the trends in the number of road accidents in Malaysia is also depicted. For this study, the data from 2008 to 2011 for each Decision Making Unit (DMU) is analyzed. The result shows that the efficiency level did not determined by the number of vehicles on the road and the size of the state but it is determined by the utilization of resources by the authorities. It shows that managing input is important when the level of efficiency for the Decision-Making Unit (DMU) for the output is concerned. The outcome of this study supports the government measures to level up road maintenance in order to improve the efficiency level and curb the numbers of road accidents in Malaysia.
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