The combination of TEM research and Raman spectroscopy to characterization of MWNTs-Re nanocomposites gives a new notion about the structure and quality of materials obtained. TEM studies indicate that the functionalization method significantly influences the morphology of obtained MWCNTs-Re nanocomposites. Due to the specific spectrum recorded for the MWCNTs they can be distinguished from other forms of carbon, furthermore comparative analysis of the results at different stages of the manufacturing process confirms the covalent modification of the MWCNTs structure. The D-band intensity compared to the G-band intensity provides valuable information about the quality of the sample, in particular indicates the existence of contamination and/or the presence of structural defects. Preliminary results suggest that the high-temperature manufacturing process of MWCNTs-Re nanocomposite improves the quality of the carbon material intended for the experiment.
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) enables the mass synthesis of high-quality nanotubes. There is a large number of synthesis process parameters that have an influence on the type and form of the final product. The aim of the paper is the optimization of the synthesis process of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with the CVD method. Three synthesis parameters were selected (temperature, process time, and hydrogen flow rate) influencing the form and quality of the material produced. The experiments were carried out using our own approach to the conditions of carbon multiwalled nanotubes synthesis. The following research techniques were applied to examine the influence of selected parameters of the MWCNTs synthesis process: transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy ß
Phone: þ48 322 371 841, Fax: þ48 322 372 281A new nanocomposite was fabricated during the undertaken research efforts, consisting of carbon nanotubes and rhenium nanoparticles. Its structure was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the structure modification was confirmed using Raman spectroscopy. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was employed to determine the chemical composition of the nanocomposite obtained. Carbon nanotubes with the diameter of 10-20 nm and the length of 10-30 mm, fabricated with the chemical catalytic vapor deposition (CCVD) method, were utilized for the experiment. A fabrication process of the carbon nanocomposite was started with functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by oxidization, and then they were placed in a medium containing rhenium precursors. The mixture was further filtered and placed in a heat-resistant vessel. Rhenium nanocrystals were deposited permanently on carbon nanotubes as a result of a high-temperature reduction process in the atmosphere of hydrogen and in the shield of inert gas.
The purpose of the article is to discuss the process of oxidation of carbon nanotubes subsequently subjected to the process of decoration with rhenium nanoparticles. The influence of functionalization in an oxidizing medium is presented and the results of investigations using Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy are discussed. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes rhenium-type nanocomposites with the weight percentage of 10%, 20% and 30% of rhenium are also presented in the article. The structural components of such nanocomposites are carbon nanotubes decorated with rhenium nanoparticles. Microscopic examinations under transmission electron microscope and scanning transmission electron microscope using the bright and dark field confirm that nanocomposites containing about 20% of rhenium have the most homogenous structure.
Purpose: The article characterises rhenium in terms of its physiochemical properties,most popular methods of manufacturing and key applications. The examples of rhenium ata nanometric scales are also presented, taking into account the latest literature reports inthis field. The objective of the article is also to present advanced nanocomposite materialsconsisting of nanostructured rhenium permanently attached to selected carbon nanomaterials- Single Walled Carbon NanoTubes (SWCNTs), Double Walled Carbon NanoTubes (DWCNTs),Multi Walled Carbon NanoTubes (MWCNTs) and Single Walled Carbon Nanohorns (SWCNHs).Design/methodology/approach: The article delineates various manufacturing methodsat a mass and nanometric scale. It also describes a custom fabrication method of carbonrheniumnanocomposites and the results of investigations performed in a transmissionelectron microscope (TEM) for nanocomposites of the following type: MWCNTs-Re,SWCNTs/DWCNTs-Re, SWCNTs-Re and SWCNHs-Re.Findings: Rhenium has been gaining growing importance in industry for years, and itsapplications are very diverse, including: heat resistant alloys, anti-corrosive alloys, rheniumand rhenium alloy coatings, elements of electrical equipment, radiotherapy, chemistry andanalytical technology and catalysis. Carbon-metallic nanocomposites are currently enjoyingstrong attention of research institutions.Research limitations/implications: The development and optimisation of fabricationprocesses of materials containing carbon nanotubes or carbon nanotubes coated with metalnanoparticles, especially rhenium, is a weighty aspect of advanced materials engineering.Practical implications: Newly created nanocomposite materials, developed as a responseto the market demand, are interesting, state-of-the-art materials dedicated to variousapplications, especially as gas or fluid sensors, and as materials possessing catalytic properties.Originality/value: The article describes nanocomposites of the following types: MWCNTs-Re, SWCNTs/DWCNTs-Re, SWCNTs-Re, SWCNHs-Re, created as a result of hightemperaturereduction of a precursor of rhenium (HReO4 or NH4ReO4) to metallic rhenium.This metal is deposited on carbon nanomaterials as nanoparticles, or inside of them asnanoparticles or nanowires whose size and dispersion are dependent upon the conditionsof a technological process.
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