A general screening method has been developed for the cleanup and estimation of chlorinated pesticide residues in fats and oils. The fats were dissolved in benzene-acetone (1 + 19) and then precipitated at — 70 °C. The precipitated fat was removed by filtration through a column of Darco G-60 and Solka Floe in a jacketed filtering funnel. The filtrate was concentrated to a standard volume and an aliquot was analyzed by electron capture gas chromatography. With the exception of a few pesticides in butterfat and aldrin in beef fat, recoveries were 81 to 112% after a mixture of 12 chlorinated pesticides had been added to the fats prior to precipitation.
A Pyrex gas chromatographic column containing a 10% stationary phase of mixed silicones (4% SE-30 methyl silicone + 6% QF-1 fluoro silicone) was used to resolve this pesticide mixture. The compounds eluted from the column in the following order: lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, Telodrin, heptachlor epoxide, p,p’-DDE, dieldrin, o,p’-DDT, Rhothane, p,p’-DDT, endrin, and methoxychlor.
Filter paper electrophoresis( 1,2) of avian serum proteins has demonstrated (a) the separation of albumin, 2 a-globulins, a P-globulin, and a 7-globulin from the sera of cockerels and immature pullets; and (b) the appearance of a presumptive lipovitellin (PLV) fraction in the sera of laying hens or estrogenized immature pullets(3). I t has further been shown ( 3 ) that electrophoresis in a veronal buffer made up with 20% methanol results in the separation of a new slow-moving fraction from the sera of estrogenized immature pullets or laying hens. This fraction is not present in comparable electropherograms of sera of immature pullets; it is poorer in lipid than the PLV fraction and rich in phosphorus. For convenience this fraction has been designated presumptive phosphoprotein (PP) .The following additional observations are reported in the present communication: (a) the presence of a third a-globulin fraction on electropherograms of fowl sera; (b) the application of the Feulgen plasmalogen reaction to the electropherograms; (c) the double nature of the PIP fraction; and (d) the results of studies using PS2 labeled inorganic phosphate.Methods. Electrophoresis was performed as described previously( 3 ) with the exception
The rates of disappearance of parathion, diazinon, ethion, phorate, Di-Syston (disulfoton), methyl-parathion, Guthion (aziaphosmethyl), and ronnel effected by a hepatic oxidative desulfurating system of four different species in the presence of NAD and NADP were determined. The rates of disappearance of the last three insecticides effected by the demethylating system in the presence of reduced glutathione have been determined also. The parent insecticides were determined by gas–liquid chromatography after extracting them from the incubation mixture with hexane. The conversion products formed by the oxidative system were detected by carboxylesterase inhibition on thin-layer chromatographic plates. Inhibitors were detected in extracts from the incubation mixtures of all liver homogenates with all the insecticides studied except phorate and Di-Syston. The rates of disappearance of phorate and Di-Syston were considerably higher than the rates for the other compounds with all the liver homogenates studied except female chicken liver. Methylparathion, Guthion, and ronnel were metabolized by both systems, but the demethylating system was more active for the three compounds. The rates of disappearance of the different insecticides effected by the oxidative system were considerably less when incubated with female chicken livers than with male chicken livers. These differences were not observed with the demethylating system. The rat, guinea pig, and monkey liver homogenates were all uniformly active in metabolizing the different insecticides by the oxidative system.
A column chromatographic method has been developed for the quantitative estimation of lactylated glycerides and polyglycerol esters in shortenings. The components are eluted successively with benzene, benzene with 10% ethyl ether, ethyl ether, and ethyl alcohol. Lactylated glycerides eluted along with the corresponding mono- and diglycerides are estimated as lacto-palmitates from their lactic acid content. Polyglycerol esters are quantitatively eluted with ethyl alcohol. Results of analyses of several combinations of emulsifiers in lard and a vegetable shortening yielded recoveries of 94 to 102%.
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