The time dependence of laser-induced thermoelectric voltage (LITV) in La1−xCaxMnO3 (LCMO) or YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) thin films grown on a vicinal SrTiO3 substrate is derived. From the fitted curve of the measured time evolution of the LITV, several parameters of a LCMO thin film are deduced.

We have observed two-dimensional bright photovoltaic photorefractive spatial soliton for the first time in a Cu:KNSBN K 0.25 Na 0.75 Sr 1.5 Ba 0.5 Nb 5 O 15 crystal. Characteristics of the observed spatial soliton are explained by an equivalent electric field induced by the background irradiance.

Background/Aims: This study aimed to determine the clinical and neuroimaging correlates of the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in stroke patients with age-related confluent white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Methods: The Neuropsychiatric Inventory was utilized to detect the presence of 12 symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify clinical and neuroimaging correlates of the presence of symptoms. Results: Seventy-seven stroke patients (mean WMH volume: 39.5 cm³) were recruited. Thirty patients (39%) had ≧1 neuropsychiatric symptom. Poor executive function was associated with the presence of any symptoms and symptoms other than depression. More severe left frontal WMH was associated with depression. Conclusion: Executive dysfunction and left frontal WMH are correlated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in these patients.

The heat capacities of poly(vinyl fluoride), poly(vinylidene fluoride), and polytrifluoroethylene have been measured between 80 and 340°K. The results can be expressed as the sum of two terms: the optical contribution calculated from the vibrational band assignments in the literature and the acoustical contribution calculated according to the Tarasov continuum model. Combining our data with those for polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene, it is concluded that the force constant for one‐dimensional intrachain interaction is approximately constant for all polymers with carbon backbones. The force constant for three‐dimensional interchain interaction is one order of magnitude smaller than the one‐dimensional force constant, and decreases when the hydrogen atoms in polyethylene are replaced by fluorine atoms. The thermodynamic functions for the three polymers have been evaluated. Glass transitions at 228°K and 305°K have been found in poly(vinylidene fluoride) and polytrifluoroethylene, respectively.

We have created a one- (rather than two-) dimensional quasi-steady-state photorefractive spatial soliton induced by a laser beam instead of an applied electric field. The formation of this type of spatial soliton depends on the intensity of the self-trapped beam, which is different from quasi-steady-state spatial solitons reported in the literature. The optically induced spatial soliton can be exploited in all optical switching applications.