Observation of Two-Dimensional Bright Photovoltaic Spatial Solitons

Abstract

We have observed two-dimensional bright photovoltaic photorefractive spatial soliton for the first time in a Cu:KNSBN K 0.25 Na 0.75 Sr 1.5 Ba 0.5 Nb 5 O 15 crystal. Characteristics of the observed spatial soliton are explained by an equivalent electric field induced by the background irradiance.

The impact of temperature on the evolution and self-deflection of spatial optical solitons in photovoltaic photorefractive media

“…The crystal proposed here is KNSBN [13] used at λ 0 = 0.5 μm. Its parameters are n e = 2.27, γ 33 = 200 pm/V and x 0 = 25 μm.…”

“…These screening solitons result from non-uniform screening of the bias field. Photovoltaic solitons are possible in the steady state in a photovoltaic PR crystal without a bias field [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . These photovoltaic solitons stem from the photovoltaic effect.…”

“…Due to the feature of formation at very low laser power and the robustness in both transverse dimensions, PR spatial solitons are promising for the applications in all-optical beam switching and steering, optical interconnects, adaptive waveguiding and the development of novel photonic devices. Up to date, three types of steady state PR scalar solitons, that is screening solitons [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] , photovoltaic solitons [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and screening-photovoltaic (SP) solitons [21][22][23] , have been predicted and found experimentally.Screening solitons are possible in the steady state when an external bias voltage is appropriately applied to a non-photovoltaic PR crystal [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . These screening solitons result from non-uniform screening of the bias field.…”

Temperature effects of dark solitons on the self-deflection of bright solitons in a separate bright-dark soliton pair

“…At the same time, soliton pairs (coherent and incoherent) and soliton interaction have also been investigated [11][12][13][14][15] . However, the investigations on PR soliton, soliton pair and soliton interaction were concerned with only one piece of PR crystal [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . Recently, a new type of soliton pair, named separate spatial soliton pair, which is formed in two PR crystals connected by electrode leads in a chain, was predicted by Liu et al [16,17] , and the parametric coupling effects between the two solitons in a separate soliton pair were also studied in a serial photovoltaic-photorefractive crystal circuit [18] .…”

“…nonlinear optics, spatial optical solitons, photorefractive effects, self-deflection NONLINEAR OPTICS Spatial solitons in photorefractive (PR) media have aroused much interest in the past few years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . Up to date, three types of steady-state solitons, that is screening solitons [1,2] , photovoltaic (PV) solitons [3 -5] , and screening-photovoltaic solitons [6,7] , have been predicted and found experimentally [8][9][10] .…”