All Optical Quasi-Steady-State Photorefractive Spatial Solitons

Abstract

We have created a one- (rather than two-) dimensional quasi-steady-state photorefractive spatial soliton induced by a laser beam instead of an applied electric field. The formation of this type of spatial soliton depends on the intensity of the self-trapped beam, which is different from quasi-steady-state spatial solitons reported in the literature. The optically induced spatial soliton can be exploited in all optical switching applications.

Photorefractive solitons

“…This current and subsequent trapping of charge carriers gives rise to a space charge field which induces a refractive index modulation via the Pockels effect. Recently, dark [77], [124], [125] and bright [78] photovoltaic spatial solitons have been observed using nominally pure 1 As commonly used PR crystals are ferroelectrics, the use of the reversed polarity has to be conducted with care so the applied field does not exceed the coercive field as this may cause depoling of the crystal or reversal of its polarization axis lithium niobate and copper-doped potassium-niobium-strontium-barium niobate crystals.…”

Impedance Spectroscopy of Zr Modified Ba5SmZr3V7O30 Ceramic

“…Compounds of Tungsten bronze (TB) structure family have drawn special attention due to their technological applications [1] [2] [3] [4] including ferroelectric memory devices, electro optical devices, and actuators [5]. The TB structure Open Access Library Journal consists of a skeletal framework of BO 6 octahedra, sharing corners to form three different types of tunnels parallel to the c-axis in the unit cell of a general formula, [(A 1 ) 2 (A 2 ) 4 [6].…”

All-optical steering of the interactions between multiple spatial solitons in isotropic polymers

“…So far, several generic types of photorefractive spatial solitons have been investigated, namely, quasi-steady-state soliton [2,3], screening soliton [4,5], photovoltaic soliton [6,7], and screening-photovoltaic soliton [8], all of which evolve from a nonlinear change in the refractive index of a material induced by the light intensity distribution. Very recently, a new type of spatial solitons, photoisomerization polymer solitons (PPSs) were predicted theoretically in 2004 [9], and were subsequently verified theoretically [10,11] and experimentally [12,13] by using linearly and circularly polarized light in photoisomerization polymer.…”