Impedance Spectroscopy of Zr Modified Ba5SmZr3V7O30 Ceramic

Abstract

Ba 5 SmZr 3 V 7 O 30 is a new tungsten bronze structured ceramic compound prepared by substituting Zr at Ti site in Ba 5 GdTi 3 V 7 O 30 following high-temperature solid-state reaction route. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the compound confirms the formation of single-phase orthorhombic structures at room temperature. Surface morphology of the compound was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Using a Hioki LCR meter, the effects of temperature (32˚C -500˚C) and frequency (10 2 -10 6 Hz) on structural and electrical properties were studied. Detailed analysis of impedance parameters furnishes a better conception of the electrical properties and type of relaxation processes in the material. The plateau region of the Z'~ frequency plot also indicates the presence of relaxation process in the material. The bulk resistance is observed to be decreased with rise in temperature showing a typical negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior.

Rare birds in Nepal

“…). One bird was observed in winter plumage on 18 February 2003 by the Rapti River, Charahara at Chitwan by Hathan Choudhary, Bishnu Mahato, D. R. Choudhary and Naturetrek group(Giri & Choudhary 2003a). …”