The therapeutic efficacy of polyadenlyic-polyuridylic acid (poly A-poly U) on the transplantable AKR leukemia varied with the dose of tumor cells implanted. The greater the number of AKR tumor cells injected into 8-week-old AKR mice free of clinical evidence of cancer, the greater the effect of poly A-poly U in mediating host immunologic control of the tumor. Poly A-poly U was either ineffective or could enhance tumor growth when smaller doses of tumor cells were transferred. The efficacy of an immune adjuvant depended on a tumor burden affording optimum host responsiveness. This does not necessarily arise in the host bearing minimal tumor burden.
The therapeutic effectiveness of surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy alone and in combination were studied in the B16 melanoma model. The sequence of chemotherapy and immunotherapy as adjuvants to surgery proved important: Chemotherapy was significantly better when given before surgery; immunotherapy was more effective when delivered after surgery. The most effective therapeutic regimen was a combination of all three modalities: a single course of chemotherapy preceding surgery followed by immunotherapy.
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