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The gross anatomy and internal architecture of the jaw musculature in Rattus norvegicus has been studied using a combination of gross dissection, thick sectioning and histological techniques. As the basis of an examination of the mechanics of the muscles, the following are described:temporal, masseter, internal and external pterygoids, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and transverse mandibular. On the basis of their anatomy, it is concluded that these muscles form a series of slings around the jaw:a vertical sling (anterior temporal and deep masseter in particular) suspending the jaw from the cranium; a horizontal sling (posterior temporal and superficial masseter) initiating and controlling horizontal movements. The pterygoids and the suprazygomatic slip of the posterior temporal probably form a subsidiary sling and act to stabilize the jaw and particularly the condyle during movement.

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The prediction of the timing of the pubertal growth spurt could be helpful in planning some types of orthodontic treatment. It has been suggested that information from hand—wrist radiographs could be used for this purpose. Insufficient attention has been paid to the distinction between ossification events and bone stages. In the present paper it is shown that the uncertainty of prediction of the timing of the peak height Velocity from ossification events in the hand and wrist, is generally large and so they are of limited value for this purpose.

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