o, 2017. Impact of coupled support for sugar beet growing in the EU: More sugar beets and lower sugar beet price. Wageningen, Wageningen Economic Research, Report 2017-114. 62 pp.; 12 fig.; 11 tab.; 16 ref. Sinds de onderhandelingen over het 'nieuwe GLB' (Gemeenschappelijk Landbouwbeleid van de EU) is het mogelijk vrijwillige gekoppelde steun (voluntary coupled support, VCS) aan de teelt van suikerbieten te geven. Sinds 2015 maken tien en sinds 2017 elf EU-lidstaten daar gebruik van. In 2017 werd het EU suikerquotasysteem afgeschaft. Dat is een grote verandering voor de EU suikersector, die tot meer concurrentie tussen suikerbedrijven leidt en tot sterker variërende suikerprijzen dan voorheen. In een dergelijke dynamische context zijn vragen gesteld over de mogelijke productie-en marktverstorende effecten en de legitimiteit van een VCS-regeling.In the 2013 negotiations on the 'new CAP' (Common Agricultural Policy), the option of voluntary coupled support (VCS) for sugar beet growing was introduced, which has been implemented from 2015 onwards by ten and from 2017 by eleven Member States. In 2017, a great change took place in the EU sugar sector through the abolishment of the sugar quota system, leading to an increase of competition between sugar companies and more fluctuating sugar prices than before. In such a dynamic context, questions were raised about potentially destabilising production and market effects of a VCS-regulation and about its legitimacy.

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In 2003 Wageningen Environmental Research implemented the ISO 9001 certified quality management system. Since 2006 Wageningen Environmental Research has been working with the ISO 14001 certified environmental care system. By implementing the ISO 26000 guideline, Wageningen Environmental Research can manage and deliver its social responsibility.

Dit werk valt onder een Creative Commons Naamsvermelding-Niet Commercieel 4.0 Internationaallicentie.

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Het Instrumentarium Kosten Natuurbeleid (IKN) berekent de te maken kosten per jaar voor verschillende scenario's van het Natuurnetwerk Nederland (NNN). Het instrumentarium bestaat globaal uit een verzameling kostentabellen en een rekenmodel en is modulair opgebouwd. Het voorliggende document is bedoeld om de modeldocumentatie rondom IKN vast te leggen en de kwaliteit van de berekeningen te borgen. Het document bevat daarom een theoretische onderbouwing, een technische beschrijving van het rekenmodel en de kostentabellen en een beschrijving van de werking ervan en de gebruikte gegevens. De kwaliteit van de berekeningen is getoetst door middel van validatie, verificatie en een analyse van de gevoeligheden en onzekerheden van het model.

To evaluate and compare the risk of emerging vector-borne diseases (VBDs), a Model for INTegrated RISK assessment, MINTRISK, was developed to assess the introduction risk of VBDs for new regions in an objective, transparent and repeatable manner. MINTRISK is a web-based calculation tool, that provides semi-quantitative risk scores that can be used for prioritization purposes. Input into MINTRISK is entered by answering questions regarding entry, transmission, establishment, spread, persistence and impact of a selected VBD. Answers can be chosen from qualitative answer categories with accompanying quantitative explanation to ensure consistent answering. The quantitative information is subsequently used as input for the model calculations to estimate the risk for each individual step in the model and for the summarizing output values (rate of introduction; epidemic size; overall risk). The risk assessor can indicate his uncertainty on each answer, and this is accounted for by Monte Carlo simulation. MINTRISK was used to assess the risk of four VBDs (African horse sickness, epizootic haemorrhagic disease, Rift Valley fever, and West Nile fever) for the Netherlands with the aim to prioritise these diseases for preparedness. Results indicated that the overall risk estimate was very high for all evaluated diseases but epizootic haemorrhagic disease. Uncertainty intervals were, however, wide limiting the options for ranking of the diseases. Risk profiles of the VBDs differed. Whereas all diseases were estimated to have a very high economic impact once introduced, the estimated introduction rates differed from low for Rift Valley fever and epizootic haemorrhagic disease to moderate for African horse sickness and very high for West Nile fever. Entry of infected mosquitoes on board of aircraft was deemed the most likely route of introduction for West Nile fever into the Netherlands, followed by entry of infected migratory birds.