The article discusses the issues of determining the crop production profitability, which may arise when assessing agricultural land in the Samara region. When evaluating profitability, it is necessary to take into account revenue, cost of production. Moreover, taking into account factors for a short-term period (1 year) does not give a real picture, so in the context of counter-sanctions, when agricultural producers are in favorable conditions, an increased value of profitability is noted, which is impossible in the longterm.
The role of pesticides in modern agriculture is not in doubt; the continuous improvement of drugs and technologies for their use reduces the possibility of environmental pollution and their accumulation in manufactured products. The purpose of the research is to assess the pollution of the soil cover of agricultural land with residual amounts of pesticides in the Samara region conditions. Tasks: to analyze the content of insectoacaricides and herbicides residual amounts in the soil in the spring and autumn; - establish patterns of residual pesticides migration along the soil profile. As a result of studies conducted in 2016-2018. it was found that the content of total DDT related to the first hazard class in the studied samples decreases, a similar situation is observed for organochlorine insectoacaricides HCH and HCB, their residual amounts were found in the soil in the autumn and spring periods of 2016. Residual quantities of the organophosphorus insect metacosacaricide were detected annually (the exception was the autumn period of 2017). Regarding the content of residual amounts of herbicides in the soil (2, 4-D, dalapon, simazine, atrazine, promethrin, trifluralin, THAN), it can be noted that during the years of research their content was mainly reduced. A study of the pesticides vertical migration showed that the content of their residual amounts in the soil increases with depth, reaching a maximum at a depth of 1.0-1.6 m.
No abstract
Space technologies in Earth remote sensing are among the most relevant technologies for monitoring forestry. Difficulties of controlling tree felling and other activities by forestry employees constitute an objective problem which can only be solved by application of space monitoring instruments. The article shows that using the LandViewer Software would provide regional forestry a wealth of information needed for ongoing work and detection of violations. The considered examples demonstrate that space monitoring provides a more accurate determination of the size of forest blocks and the felling volume.
The relevance of the research into the development of a strategic model for the formation of professional competencies of university students is due to the everincreasing demands of the society and employers for graduates of universities. The consequence of high rates of introduction of informatization and robotization in all spheres of professional activity, on the one hand, and the sluggishness and conservatism of the higher education system, on the other hand, has been an increase in the "gap" between the level and the quality of professional competencies among graduates of institutions and those requirements which employers demand from them. It is quite obvious that the activity to correct this situation should be strategically oriented and based on the application of modeling, which was done by the authors of the article. The leading scientific method applicable within the framework of this study was the method of comparative analysis of the best practices of different countries on the formation of professional competencies among university students. In addition, the methods of sociological research on the theoretical and practical issues of planning and modeling the process of forming professional competencies of university students were used. The result of the research was a generalization of scientific and theoretical approaches to the definition of promising areas of activity for the strategic management of the formation of professional competencies of university students. In addition, the interrelationship of the main components, products of the professional activity of the graduate of the university and its professional competences has been determined, and the main elements of the strategic model for forming the professional competencies of university students are described. The scientific and practical significance of the research results is that with the help of this model the university can develop a strategic model for the formation of professional competencies of university students, adapted taking into account the specifics of certain areas of student education.
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