SUMMARY -Diabetes is one of the leading public health problems worldwide. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes. Ideal metabolic control of diabetes is the primary goal of treatment and the basic way of preventing and stopping the progression of DME. Although laser photocoagulation has been the standard treatment of DME for nearly three decades, superior outcomes can be achieved with novel, intravitreal anti-VEGF and steroid therapy. Novel treatment option for DME depends on visual acuity and location/extent of macular thickening based on optical coherence tomography scans. According to the International Clinical Classifi cation Scale, DME is divided into no center-involving DME and center-involving DME (CI-DME). New guidelines recommend intravitreal treatment as the treatment of choice for patients with CI-DME and moderate visual impairment. Patients with no CI-DME and mild visual impairment should be treated with modifi ed ETDRS laser photocoagulation and closely observed. Vitrectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with a tractional component of DME. Nowadays, traditional treatment goal of preventing blindness in patients with DME has been changed by the new goal aiming to restore impaired vision, prevent further vision loss and improve visual function. Th erefore, many trials addressing this new concept have been underway worldwide.
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (dBP) in the development of diabetic retinopathy (dr) in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and to determine the differences between these two types of diabetes. This cross-sectional study included 84 patients with type 1 diabetes (t1dM) and 107 patients with type 2 diabetes (t2dM). Ophthalmologic retinal examination included indirect slit-lamp fundoscopy, color fundus photography according to eurOdiAB (eurOpe and diABetes) protocol and optical coherence tomography. Blood pressure was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer after a 10-minute rest period. in t1dM, dr was positively associated with SBP (p = 0.035), hbA1c median (p < 0.001) and hypertensive retinopathy (p < 0.001), while in t2dM dr was positively related only to hbA1c median (p = 0.021). Binary logistic regression analysis (no dr/dr) showed that diabetes duration and hbA1c median were the main predictors of dr in both types of diabetes. in contrast, SBP (Or = 1.05, p = 0.045) and hypertensive retinopathy (Or = 3.75, p < 0.001) were the main predictors/indicators of dr only in t1dM. in conclusion, blood pressure is associated with dr in type 1 but not in type 2 diabetes.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.