Systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia are associated with retinopathy in type 2 but not in type 1 diabetes

Tomić, Martina; R, Vrabec; Pauk, Sania Vidas; Bulum, Tomislav; Ljubić, Spomenka

doi:10.1080/00365513.2020.1789921

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, both hyperglycaemia and systemic inflammation play significant roles in this process but seem to be dependent on the type of diabetes. Indeed, both hyperglycaemia and systemic inflammation are major triggers of DR in T2DM patients, whereas systemic inflammation has a limited role in T2DMinduced DR [15]. Within this view, increased influx of the systemic inflammatory cytokines is an independent factor that can initiate the damage in the diabetic retina by damaging the BRB, increasing the vascular permeability, exaggerating ROS generation, activating microglial cells and macrophage infiltration, and enhancing pericytes and neural apoptosis [10,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maslinic Acid Protects against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Retinopathy by Activating Nrf2 and Suppressing NF-κB

Alsabaani

Osman

Dallak

et al. 2022

Journal of Ophthalmology

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This study tested the protective effect of maslinic acid (MA) against diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and investigated possible mechanisms of action. DM was introduced by streptozotocin (STZ) (65 mg/kg, i.p.). Control and STZ (T1DM) were divided into 2 subgroups, which received either the vehicle or MA (80 mg/kg). Serum, pancreases, and retinas were collected for further use. MA significantly reduced fasting glucose levels in the control and T1DM rats but enhanced fasting insulin levels and partially increased the size of the islets of Langerhans and the number of β-cells in T1DM rats. In addition, MA significantly improved the retina structure by preventing the reduction in the area between the inner and outer limiting membranes (ILM and OLM, respectively) and increasing the number of cells forming the ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL). Associated with these effects, MA significantly reduced the total levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as the nuclear levels of NF-κB p65, mRNA levels of Bax, and protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 in the retinas of T1DM rats. However, MA significantly lowered levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) but significantly increased the nuclear levels of Nrf2, protein levels of Bcl2, and total levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the retinas of the control and T1DM rats. In conclusion, MA prevents DR by antioxidant potential mediated by the activation of Nrf2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maslinic Acid Protects against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Retinopathy by Activating Nrf2 and Suppressing NF-κB

Alsabaani

Osman

Dallak

et al. 2022

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…However, no evidence of such difference in the literatures has been found. Tomić et al , found that systemic inflammation and obesity were associated with development of retinopathy in type II diabetes but not type I, suggesting that more researches are needed to identify the difference in the pathogenesis and therefore the difference in the treatment approach [24]. Another study done in china found that central opacity in type II DM increase the risk of DR (OR; 1.07, 95%CI).…”

Section: On Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoregression of Neovascularization of the Disc (NVD) and Neovascularization Elsewhere in the Retina (NVE) in Type I Diabetic Patient

Almubarak¹

2021

J Opht Res Rev Rep

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Spontaneous resolution of NVD or NVE is very rare, to the best of our knowledge, only five cases reported in the literatures. In this paper we reported a case of spontaneous regression of NVD and NVE in fundus of type one young diabetic female patient with history of bariatric surgery 1 year prior to presentation. Patient was followed up for 2 years with stable clinical course and without developing any further DR and without receiving any treatment. we assumed that this autoregression of neovascularization could be related to her blood sugar control secondary to bariatric surgery. We noticed also all the previous reported five cases were young ages (31, 46, 27,26 and 19). This suggest the possibility of difference in the pathogenesis of proliferative retinopathy between type 1 and type II. Further studies are needed.

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“…Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) and it is the leading cause of preventable visual loss in working-age adults, affecting more than 35% of diabetic patients. [ 2 ] The duration of DM, gene polymorphism, abnormal blood lipid levels, hyperglycemia, obesity, hypertension, anemia, and smoking which through a series of pathological processes, contribute to the development and progression of DR.[ 3 4 5 ] DR pathogenesis is complicated and related to many factors, but during recent decades, accumulating evidence has indicated that both oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are important in the development of DR.[ 6 7 8 ] Early detection and treatment of DR largely contribute to preventing DM-associated visual impairment or loss. [ 9 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic nutritional index as a novel marker for diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Kurtul

Koca²,

YILMAZ

2022

Saudi J Ophthalmol

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Systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia are associated with retinopathy in type 2 but not in type 1 diabetes

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Maslinic Acid Protects against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Retinopathy by Activating Nrf2 and Suppressing NF-κB

Maslinic Acid Protects against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Retinopathy by Activating Nrf2 and Suppressing NF-κB

Autoregression of Neovascularization of the Disc (NVD) and Neovascularization Elsewhere in the Retina (NVE) in Type I Diabetic Patient

Prognostic nutritional index as a novel marker for diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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