The analysis of cytogenetic activity is a key component in determining prospects of future hereditary variability after, subject to a certain mutagenic factor, primarily identifying the significance of the genotype-mutagenic interaction, the correctness of the selected concentrations for more thorough screening of some development parameters. Winter wheat seeds of eight varieties (Balaton, Borovytsia, Zeleny Gai, Zoloto Ukrainy, Kalancha, Niva Odeska, Polyanka, Pochayna) were subjected to ЕМS (ethylmethansulfonate) at the concentrations of 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.10% The exposure lasted for 24 hours. Cytogenetic analysis was carried out for pollen fertility; we also examined the rates and spectras of chromosomal rebuildings in proper cell devision phases in relation to plant gcnotype and concentration of the mutagen. The experiment was aimed at identification of interrection between geotype, concentration of mutagen and mutagen nature, determining genome response to mutagen action. Such indicators of cytogenetic activity as the total rate of chromosomal abnormalities, fragments and double fragments, single and double bridges, micronucleus and lagging chromosomes were studied. The selected concentrations of the mutagen significantly influenced all the analyzed parameters, they can be attributed to the optimal and high range of concentrations according to the nature of the impact on bread wheat. We determined that in the case of the mutagenic action, the genotype had a significantly lesser effect on the nature and rate of individual aberrations than an increase in the concentration, while having a significant effect on the rate of increase in pollen sterility. The mutagen was characterized by a significantly lower site-specificity at the cellular level than other chemical supermutagens, manifesting only in the correlation between individual types of aberrations, but not in the character of the increase in their number. The key parameter to identify the activity of this agent was the frequency of fragments and double fragments, their ratio with bridges.
<p class="042abstractstekst">Reclamation and intensive utilization of chernozems of the steppe zone of Ukraine over a long period led to loss of a significant amount of organic matter, agrophysical degradation, and dramatic decrease of soil fertility. Organic products of plant origin – byproducts of field crops (straw, frondiferous residues of arable crops) – play an important role in the renewal of fertility, protection of soils from erosion and accumulation of efficient moisture in the soil. The article presents the results of studying of the agroeconomic efficiency of board, differentiated and shallow (mulching) tillage systems when growing field crops under the conditions of the northern Steppe of Ukraine. There is substantiated the expediency of use of a shallow (mulching) tillage system, which, in terms of crop rotation efficiency against a fertilized background, is highly competitive with board and differentiated systems, as well as has a positive effect on the structural state of the arable layer (the content of agronomically valuable aggregates is 76 %), provides additional (71-85 m<sup>3</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>) accumulation of efficient moisture in the autumn-winter period. The most of conditional stubble on the surface remains, of course, in the early fallow (without tillage in autumn) – 630 pcs m<sup>-2</sup>. A significant amount of it was also after disk processing – 333 pcs m<sup>-2</sup>. Early fallow is a reliable method to wind erosion (deflation) combat in the spring. Even strong winds with a speed of more than 15 m s<sup>-1</sup> in early fallow are not able to blow out more than 5-12 g m<sup>-2</sup> of soil in 5 minutes of exposure, while in case of board tillage these figures increase by 11-26 times and amount to 134 g m<sup>-2</sup>.</p>
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.