Cyclosporin A(CsA) - induced gingival overgrowth(GO) is a current problem of tissue-specific mechanism which is still incompletely explained. The apoptotic process has been of particular interest like a new concept in the etiology of this unwanted effect. The aim of our study was to detect the level of apoptosis, expression bcl-2 and p53, associated with the different doses of CsA. in gingival stroma. A cohort of 84 kidney transplant recipients was divided into four subgroups based on average daily dose of therapeutically applied CsA (Neoral®), (100 mg, 125 mg, 150 mg and 175 mg). The control group consisted of 21 patients, clinically diagnosed with periodontitis, who were not subjected to any medicamentous treatment causing gingival overgrowth. The following indexes were analyzed: plaque index (PI), index of gingival inflammation (GI) according to Loe-Silnes, and gingival overgrowth index (GOI) according to MacGaw et al. The tissue samples were subjected to a semiquantitative analysis to detect apoptotical cells and immunohistochemically stained to detect the expression of the bcl-2 and p53 proteins. The difference in percentage of apoptotic cells between the group taking 175 mg and other subgroups, as well as the control group was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in percentage of expression bcl-2 between the 175 mg group compared to the other three subgroups and the control (p=0.001). However, a statistically significant positive correlation between the medicament dose, p53, apoptosis, and bcl-2 was registered (p<0.05). Inflammation plays the most important role in the induction of apoptosis and proliferation in gingival tissues.
ABSTRACT— In 614 HBsAg‐positive Yugoslavian patients, radioimmunoassay testing for anti‐delta showed the presence of this antibody in serum in 11.2%. Of the patients, 213 belonged to a risk group (i.v. drug users, hemophiliacs, hemodialysed patients and patients with posttransfusion hepatitis); a significant number of these patients (63; 29.6%) were found to have anti‐delta. A second group was composed of 401 HBsAg‐positive patients from the general population (patients with acute hepatitis B, with fulminant hepatitis B and patients with chronic HBV infection); delta infection was found only in six (1.5%). Immunohistochemical methods failed to demonstrate the delta antigen in the livers of 73 patients with chronic HBV infection. Testing the liver of 36 patients with fulminant hepatitis B for delta antigen demonstrated this reactivity in only one (2.8%) liver sample. Delta antigen was also found in the liver of a female patient who underwent biopsy in 1972. The results of this study suggest the HDV is not endemic in Yugoslavia; however, it is frequently found in patients at risk of blood exposure, primarily i.v. drug users.
This paper proposes recoverable class loaders to enable a fast start-up and recovery of Java applications. In contrast to traditional snapshot approaches that create full system images, our approach creates partial snapshots that contain a static part of the execution state of a Java application. It is the state of the class loaders and their associated class objects, which are recovered and used for restart. This is especially useful in the context of mobile devices and mobile services. In the first case it allows to shutdown applications for power-management reasons as their restart takes less time, so power management does not disturb users. In the second case services can be much faster rebooted to cure software faults such as memory leaks. Thus, users will notice a substantially reduced downtime. We implemented recoverable class loaders inside the JamVM and the OSGi middleware Oscar. For both cases of use-Java application restart and service recovery-we provide experimental evaluations that show a substantially reduced start-up time from up to 74%.
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