Epidemiology of hepatitis D virus (delta) infection in Yugoslavia

Delic, Dragan; Gotić, Mira; Oštrić, Vladimir; Fridman, Vesna; Nikolić, P; Jemuović, Ljiljana; Nikolov, Vladimir; Zerjav, S; S, Gróza

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1993.tb00649.x

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The same consideration applies to people living with relatives working abroad and for subjects working abroad. The finding of only one patient positive for antibodies to HDV confirms that this infection is not endemic in Kosovo and in areas of the former Yugoslavia among the general population [Delic et al, 1993;Chironna et al, 2001].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Prevalence and risk factors for viral hepatitis in the Kosovarian population: implications for health policy

Quaglio

Ramadani²,

Pattaro

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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The prevalence of hepatitis infection among the Kosovarian population is largely unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis A, B, C, and D (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV) infection among the general population and in a group of health care workers in the Kosovo region. Overall, 1,287 participants were recruited, 460 males (36%) and 827 females (64%). Health care workers accounted for 253 individuals (20%), 301 were blood donor candidates (23%), 334 were pregnant women (26%), and 399 (31%) were subjects who had been examined in two clinics for routine laboratory testing. The prevalence of total anti-HAV was 88.6% (95% CI: 86.69-90.25). Prevalence of anti-HAV among children up to 10 years was 40.5% (95% CI: 29.6-53.15), reaching 70% (95% CI: 62.25-77.10) in the 11-20 age group. Age, living in rural areas and unemployment were factors associated with higher risk of HAV infection. HBsAg was detected in 2.4% (95% CI: 1.57-3.38%) of the study sample, with a significant age trend (P-value:0.0110). Positivity for total anti-HBc was detected in 18.4% (95% CI = 16.27-20.59) of the subjects. Ninety-three subjects (7.2%) were positive for anti-HBs alone. An association between age, HSV-2 positivity, working nurses and HBV infection has been observed. One patient was HDV positive. The prevalence for HCV was 0.5% (95% CI: 0.22-1.12%). HAV infection seems to be high-intermediate, while HBV shows an intermediate endemicity. It is necessary to highlight the importance of an immunization strategy against HAV and HBV in reducing the incidence of the infection. The prevalence for HCV was very low.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Prevalence and risk factors for viral hepatitis in the Kosovarian population: implications for health policy

Quaglio

Ramadani²,

Pattaro

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…In a European study, 29.6% of HBV patients from such high-risk groups had anti-HDV antibodies. 2 In comparison, the prevalence of anti-HDV antibodies in HBV-infected patients who were not members of such groups was only 1.5%. In the United States, studies from the 1970s to the mid-1980s reported a prevalence of HDV infection of 3.8% in HBsAg-positive blood donors from 49 of 57 regions of the American Red Cross, 3 15% in HIV-coinfected CHB patients in Los Angeles, 4 30% of CHB patients in Illinois state facilities for the developmentally disabled, 5 42% of drugusing CHB patients at several US Veterans Administration facilities, 6 and 67% of injection drug users in New York City.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Members of high‐risk groups were generally defined as including individuals who paid for sex, intravenous (IV) drug users, patients on hemodialysis, and those receiving blood products (including patients who had received transfusions and hemophiliacs). In a European study, 29.6% of HBV patients from such high‐risk groups had anti‐HDV antibodies . In comparison, the prevalence of anti‐HDV antibodies in HBV‐infected patients who were not members of such groups was only 1.5%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Coinfection with hepatitis B and D: Epidemiology, prevalence and disease in patients in Northern California

Gish

Kane

et al. 2013

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Background and Aims: With no report on the overall prevalence and ramifications of hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) infection in the United States for more than two decades, the characteristics of chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) patients coinfected with HDV, including clinical presentation, rate of hepatitis C virus tri-infection, and HDV viral load, were assessed. Methods: At California Pacific Medical Center, a retrospective chart review was conducted on all CHB patients. Results: Of 1191 CHB patients, 499 had been tested for HDV, with 42 (8%) determined to be coinfected; half of these were also hepatitis C virus-infected. Cirrhosis was present in 73% of the coinfected, 80% of the tri-infected, but only 22% of the monoinfected. Twenty-nine patients (69%) were Caucasian non-Hispanic; 10 (24%) were Asians and Pacific Islanders. Of 39 patients for whom HBV-DNA quantification at time of HDV presentation was available, 22 (56%) had undetectable levels; four (10%) had levels > 100 000 IU/mL. Conclusions: HDV affects individuals of all ages and various ethnic groups. Although HBV viral loads are lower, rates of cirrhosis are higher in coinfected patients and higher still in the tri-infected. Our data support revising screening guidelines to advocate for all patients with HBV to be screened for HDV in order to both give the individual patient important information related to the possible need for treatment and to support the public health goal of reducing transmission by educating HDV-negative patients about the need for protection against superinfection and HDV-infected patients about the need to protect against transmission to others.

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“…In addition, HDV was divided into eight genotypes (5). Transmission of HDV can observe either via simultaneous infection with HBV or superimposed on hepatitis B virus (6). Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a rapidly progressing infection where different HCV genotypes leads to liver disease and its dangerous symptom is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Capsid of HDV consists of two proteins: small HDAg (S -HDAg) and large HDAg (L -HDAg) (6). In addition, HDV was divided into eight genotypes (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero - Epidemiology of Hepatitis E and D Infections among HIV - Infected and HIV/HCV - Coinfected Patients in Jahrom, Southern Iran

Shadmand

Baharlou

Shokouh

et al. 2018

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background: Co -infection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients can develop and increase hepatic complications in the world, particularly in developing countries. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the sero -virological prevalence of HEV and HDV in patients bearing HIV infection and HIV/HCV co -infection, as well as their relation to clinical and demographic data. Methods: Cross -sectional study testing IgM/IgG anti -HEV and total antibodies HDV in serum samples belong to 73 HIV infected patients and co -infected HIV -HCV patients were evaluated. Demographic, lifestyle, and laboratory data such as CD4 counts and viral load were prospectively collected on each patient with the HIV infection. Results: There were 26 HEV infected patients IgG positive, two HEV infected patients IgM positive, two HDV infected patients total antibodies positive, and only one HDV infected patient IgM among the 73 HIV infected patients. The prevalence of HDV positive IgG and total anti -HDV among co -infected patients were 2.2% and 2.2%. In addition 18 (69.2%) and 2.2% were positive for anti -HEV IgG and IgM, respectively. Furthermore, HIV viral load among HIV co -infected patients with HEV or HDV were shown higher compared to patients solely infected with only HIV. Also, the numbers of HEV or HDV positive were high in low levels of CD4. Conclusions: According to the results, frequency of occurrence of hepatitis E was higher than hepatitis D in HIV infected patients. Severity of HIV infection and liver damage caused by HEV and HDV infections were in a direct relationship. Hence, HIV and HCV screening should be implemented in HIV -infected patients with liver damage.

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Epidemiology of hepatitis D virus (delta) infection in Yugoslavia

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Prevalence and risk factors for viral hepatitis in the Kosovarian population: implications for health policy

Prevalence and risk factors for viral hepatitis in the Kosovarian population: implications for health policy

Coinfection with hepatitis B and D: Epidemiology, prevalence and disease in patients in Northern California

Sero - Epidemiology of Hepatitis E and D Infections among HIV - Infected and HIV/HCV - Coinfected Patients in Jahrom, Southern Iran

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