Vesicoureteral reflux and idiopathic hypercalciuria: an association by chance?

Ristoska-Bojkovska, Nadica; Nikolov, Vladimir; Tasić, Velibor

doi:10.1093/ndt/gfh115

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Garcia-Nieto et al found the prevalence of hypercalciuria in patients with VUR to be 58.6%, whereas this figure dropped dramatically to 3.8 % in the healthy control group [22]. Ristoska-Bojkovska et al reported the concurrence of hypercalciuria and reflux in 18.7% of their patients with VUR, although 4.4% of the healthy children also had elevated urinary calcium excretion [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study cohort comprised 108 pediatric patients (19 boys, 89 girls) with known VUR [in whom VUR was diagnosed after urinary tract infection (UTI) episodes] aged 3 months to 12 years (VUR group) and 110 healthy children (30 boys, 80 girls ) aged 2 months to 12 years (control group). The patient and control groups were obtained according to prevalence of hypercalciuria in the normal pediatric population and in children with VUR [23,26]. The children were studied for microscopic hematuria, pyuria, dysuria and voiding disorders, such as enuresis and incontinence, and for calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) and uric acid/ creatinine (UA/Cr) ratios.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that some patients who were treated for VUR in childhood presented in later life with renal stones [22]. A number of authors have proposed an association between hypercalciuria and VUR to explain this phenomenon [5,[22][23][24], but others claim that this association is purely by chance [23]. A link between hypercalciuria and UPJO, however, has been explained [6,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urinary calcium and uric acid excretion in children with vesicoureteral reflux

et al. 2011

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Urolithiasis is relatively common in children, and identifiable predisposing factors for stone formation, including metabolic and structural derangements, can be established in most cases. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common cause of kidney stone formation. The pathophysiological mechanism of urolithiasis in reflux is related to urinary tract infection and urinary stasis, both of which promote urinary crystal formation, but metabolic causes, such as crystallurias (mostly hypercalciuria), may also be involved in this process. However, few studies on urinary calcium and uric acid excretion in children with VUR have been conducted. We have studied the frequency of hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria in children with VUR and compared the results with those from a control group. The VUR group comprised 108 children with VUR (19 boys, 89 girls; age range 3 months to 12 years), and the control group comprised 110 healthy children without any history of reflux or urinary tract infection (30 boys, 80 girls; age range 2 months to 12 years). Fasting urine was analyzed for the calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) and uric acid/creatinine (UA/Cr) ratios. Hypercalciuria was more frequently diagnosed in the VUR patients than in the control group (21.3 vs. 3.6%; P = 0.0001). Significant differences between the two groups were also found for the mean Ca/Cr and UA/Cr ratios (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0001, respectively). No differences were found in the urinary Ca/Cr or UA/Cr ratios related to VUR grading or unilateral/bilateral VUR in the patient group, with the exception of those for hypercalciuria and mild VUR (P = 0.03). The association of urinary stones and microlithiasis in the VUR group was 29.6%. Our results demonstrate that the frequency of hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria was higher in pediatric patients with VUR than in healthy children. Knowing this relationship, preventive and therapeutic interventions for stone formation in VUR could be greatly expanded.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%