The accession of Serbia to the European Union should bring stability, peace, justice, freedom and security to the Balkans. In this regard, strengthening the competitiveness of the country's economy in order to improve its ability to withstand the pressure of the competition in the single market and reduce unemployment through job creation is the most important objective of Serbia's economic policy. The purpose of the paper is to provide a short overview of the achieved results in terms of foreign direct investments in Serbia and to determine them as a crucial factor in increasing the country's competitiveness. The paper stresses expectations that the outcome of negotiations with the EU will improve the investment plans in Serbia and, consequently, create conditions for a stable financial and macroeconomic environment. Also, the paper analyses cooperation with the most prominent European Union member states in the field of foreign direct investments and emphasises the financial sector, the trade and tourism sector and the telecommunication sector as the most attractive industries for EU member states. EU companies have invested almost three quarters of the cumulative FDI inflows to Serbia over the past 8 years, amounting to over EUR 11 billion in total. The European countries that have invested most in the Republic of Serbia are Austria, Norway and the Netherlands. Other big investors to Serbia are Russia (9% of the cumulative FDI inflows), Switzerland (6%), United Arab Emirates, China and USA (2% of the cumulative FDI inflows each). By investigating the open investment regime in the European Union, which is a basis for the development of economic relations and removal of barriers, the authors of the article present relevant measures in Serbia, which are acceptable to EU member states and define opportunities for job creation and increases in productivity of industries in Serbia. To promote exports and the inflow of foreign direct investments, the Serbian government has established such institutional mechanisms as the Development Agency of Serbia (RAS-SIEPA); the Export Credit and Insurance Agency of the Republic of Serbia; the Serbian Agency for the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and Entrepreneurship; the Development Fund of the Republic of Serbia; the European Agency for Reconstruction; the Free Zones Administration. The authors pay special attention to the case of the Serbian banking industry, which is a perfect example of the industry developed due to a significant amount of foreign direct investments. The banking sector is one of the most prospective sectors for foreign investors in Serbia, which was especially observed during the period of 2004-2011. As of 31 December 2016, 22 out of the 30 banks in Serbia are owned by foreign legal entities, which is a result of foreign direct investments in the Serbian banking sector and consolidation processes. Investments in the Serbian banking industry were implemented through 2 simultaneous and parallel channels: brown-field and green-field investmen...
Development and breakthrough of information and communication technologies in all spheres and aspects significantly changed the way of conducting business. Digital transformation is not an option for organizations, no matter of their size, industry, maturity, number of employees, customers and so on. In order to survive and stay competitive in digital age, organizations need to be agile, flexible, ready to adjust on rapid changes in the business environment and create new values for customers. Traditional banks recognized all benefits and potentials reflected in usage of new digital technologies. Their focus is shifted on simplification of providing service on anytime in any place to potential customers. Through adoption of Big Data concept and customer-centric approach, banks are among those organizations which widely use new technologies in digital age with the aim to create and sustain competitive advantage. Banking industry is obviously changed and significantly reshaped by digitalization process. In this paper is presented the case of DBS bank from Singapore, which made an extraordinary turnover in its business toward digital transformation and positioned itself as the leading digital bank in the world..
UVODLikvidnost fi nansijskih sistema je postala predmet šireg interesovanja ekonomista tek sa ubrzanjem globalne fi nansijske krize 2007. godine. Pre nastupanja globalne krize, po mnogima krize najširih razmera od Velike depresije 30-ih godina XX veka, aktivnost na fi nansijskim tržištima je bila vrlo dinamična, a samo fi nansiranje poslovanja je bilo moguće realizovati uz osetno niže troškove. Pogođeni šokantnim događajima iniciranih krizom hipotekarnih kredita u SAD, koja se vrlo brzo prenela na ostatak sveta, bankarski sistemi su pokazivali različite znake ranjivosti, koji su se između ostalog ogledali i u krizi likvidnosti (Mirković & Knežević, 2014).Od ranije prisutne sistemske slabosti, naglo su dobile na značaju sa širenjem globalne fi nansijske krize pogotovo u sferi upravljanja likvidnim sredstvima. Istovremeno je postalo očigledno da je globalna kriza dobrim delom uzrokovana i neadekvatnim procesom upravljanja rizicima u bankarskim sistemima. Bazel II regulativa nije uspela da preventivno deluje kada nastupe stresni događaji u segmentu likvidnosti. U cilju povećanja otpornosti i stabilnosti fi nansijskih sistema na neočekivane i nepredvidive događaje, uvedena je nova Bazel III regulativa koja podrazumeva primenu novih mera likvidnosti kao što su: racio pokrića likvidnosti (engl. LCR -liquidity coverage ratio) i racio neto stabilnih izvora fi nansiranja (engl. NSFR -net stable funding ratio).Sama činjenica da su banke imale zadovoljavajuću adekvatnost kapitala, a suočene su sa problemom likvidnosti, ukazuje na nedostatke procesa upravljanja rizikom likvidnosti i izvorima fi nansiranja. Uvođenjem LCR i NSFR pokazatelja likvidnosti, kao i racija leveridža, ideja Bazel III regulative je oličena u očekivanom smanjenju izloženosti riziku likvidnosti. Rizik likvidnosti se javlja i kao posledica ročne neusklađenosti plasmana i izvora fi nansiranja, na bazi kojih su banke ostvarivale "više kamatne marže i profi te fi nansirajući dugoročne plasmane kratkoročnim, često prekonoćnim jeft inijim pozajmicama" (Mirković & Knežević, 2014). OSNOVNA OBELEŽJA LIKVIDNOSTIGeneralno, pod likvidnošću se podrazumeva sposobnost banke da uveća svoja likvidna sredstva i izmiri dospele obaveze o roku dospeća, a da pri tome ne pretrpi značajne gubitke. Banka se javlja kao fi nansijska institucija koja posreduje između strana koje raspolažu sufi citom sredstava i strana koja imaju defi cit sredstava (tj. sektora stanovništva). Dodatno, ročna transformacija kratkoročnih depozita u dugoročne kredite stvara jaz (engl. gap) likvidnosti koji povećava izloženost banke riziku. Upravljanje rizikom likvidnosti jeste jedna od funkcija banke, koja je od vitalnog značaja za njeno efi kasno i uspešno poslovanje.Upravljanje rizikom likvidnost je obaveza svake banke i propisana je kako Bazelskim standardima, sa jedne strane, tako i lokalnom regulativom Narodne banke Srbije, sa druge strane. Prema regulativi Narodne banke Srbije, banka treba da upravlja rizikom likvidnosti na takav način da mesečni pokazatelj likvidnosti i uži pokazatelj likvidnost...
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