Introduction. In accordance with Presidential Decree No. 204 of May 7, 2018, one of the national development goals of the Russian Federation is to improve the living conditions of citizens. The increase in the volume of standard housing construction and the introduction of advanced technologies in the design and construction will lead to the need to develop clear rules for conducting laboratory and instrumental studies of human-environment parameters when commissioning construction or renovation facilities. The emission of harmful substances in the air of closed premises, which should not have a harmful effect on humans in accordance with art. 20 of the Federal Law of 30.03.1999, No. 52-FZ proved to be one of the most significant environmental factors due to the increase in the number of new buildings and finishing materials used in construction and, as a result. Material and methods. In this paper, we analyzed the results of laboratory and instrumental studies of indoor air (enclosed) premises, selected at commissioned facilities, performed using both classical methods for the determination of pollutants, and express methods using universal gas analyzers. Results. The obtained main problems arising during the sanitary-epidemiological examination of the results are considered. Conclusion. The need to develop regulations for the amount of air research conducted in closed premises to evaluate the object as a whole, taking into account the limiting hazard indicator of the substances must be determined.

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Introduction. Firefighters' performance of their occupational duties is associated with significant psycho-emotional stress, as well as the complex influence of harmful and dangerous factors that are a source of risk to their health and life. One of the most important modern tasks of vocational training of employees in the EMERCOM of Russia is the problem of assessing psychophysiological reserves. Сurrently, traditional methods of psychological and psychophysiological testing do not allow a full assessment of psychophysiological reserves, because the degree of adaptation to extreme loads is determined by hereditary traits. Objective: based on the analysis of neurodynamic and cognitive functions, to determine the genotypes of genes responsible for monoamine regulation of the brain, associated with high adaptive capabilities to long-term exposure to harmful factors of occupational activity of firefighters. Methods: As part of the work, 453 people were examined, of which 234 people were the main group (firefighters), and 219 people were the control group. Testing was carried out using the following methods: "Correction test with Landolt rings", "Mnsterberg test" and "Schulte tables", "Reaction to a moving object", "Simple visual-motor reaction" and KR-3-85 test batteries. Genotyping was performed using 5 candidate genes 5-HTTLPR or 5HTT, 5HT2A, COMT, DRD1, DRD2 / ANKK1. Results: Analysis of the results of the study of indicators of attention, neurodynamic properties of the central nervous system and cognitive mental processes in the comparison groups, depending on the nature of the occupational tasks performed and employment duration, indicates the strain of the functional systems of the body during long-term work (more than 5 years) in the main study group ( firefighters). Firefighters carrying 5HTT L / L, 5HT2A C / C, COMT Val / Val, DRD2 / ANKK1 Glu / Glu genotypes, according to the results of most of the methods used, have statistically significantly higher rates than firefighters, carriers of 5HTT S / S, 5HT2A T / genotypes T, COMT Met / Met, DRD2 / ANKK1 Lis / Lis and at the same time lower indicators compared to individuals with similar genotypes from the control group. Conclusion: The conducted studies have shown that there are no changes in the level of attention and neurodynamic properties of the central nervous system depending on the polymorphic variants of the DRD1 gene, and the indicators of cognitive mental processes in the control and main groups differ depending on the polymorphic variants of the COMT gene. The findings indicate the expediency of practical application of studies of the 5HTT, 5HT2A, and DRD2 / ANKK1 genes. The use of molecular genetic criteria will allow to make timely management decisions to preserve the health and professional longevity of firefighters, as well as to increase the efficiency of using robotic equipment in fire extinguishing, which will help to reduce material damage, sanitary and irreparable losses during emergency response.

A laboratory study of the natural waters of the Gulf of Finland near the coastal zones of the main large beaches of the southern coast on the content of pollutants was conducted to identify the main pollutants exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations in the waters of the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, the allocation of sources of these substances and describe the prospects for bringing these indicators to regulatory concentrations. Laboratory tests were carried out at 4 points: the first point was taken in the dam near the village of Martyshkino, the second is taken in the coastal zone of the beach of the village of Bolshaya Izhora, the third in the beach area, the former pier fish factory, the fourth was taken in the coastal zone of the beach of Sosnovy Bor. The results of laboratory research on presence of polluting substances of natural waters of the coastal zone of the Gulf of Finland are given. The results of the study of water quality at these points showed how and what human activity affects the chemical composition of the natural waters of the Gulf of Finland within the boundaries of the southern coast. A comparative analysis of the results of the study of the waters of the Gulf of Finland, given the statistics of exceedances for 2016-2017. Bringing these substances to the standards of maximum permissible concentrations will give the necessary water quality in the Gulf of Finland, suitable for recreational purposes, including swimming and fishing. A description was given of the main sources that contribute these pollutants to the waters of the Gulf of Finland. The article describes the main problems, the solution of which is necessary to bring the quality of the Gulf of Finland to the normative. The article also describes background, natural pollution peculiar to St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, reduction of which to the standards established by the law is impossible in consequence of the specifics of the composing soils of this area.

Relevance. Career firefighters are involved in extreme activities, and their functional reserves are probabilistically disturbed. Toxic products of combustion can significantly affect their health state.Intention – To analyze and evaluate effects of blood lipid dioxins on the microbiome of the parietal intestinal flora in firefighters of the Federal Fire Service of the Emercom of Russia.Methodology. Relationships between the microbiota composition and concentrations of blood lipid dioxins were analyzed in firefighters vs Emercom employees not involved in firefighting (control group).Results and Discussion. Microbiota concentrations in firefighters were associated with levels of blood lipid dioxins. In firefighters with dioxins > 350 pg/g lipids in the blood, normal microflora concentrations significantly decreased and conditionally pathogenic microflora concentrations significantly increased compared to firefighters with lower concentrations of dioxins and the control group.Conclusion. Disturbances in the microbiome of the parietal intestinal flora in the examined firefighters are related to exposure to toxic products of combustion, including dioxins, during firefighting. The microbiome disorders detected in firefighters can predict development of the digestive tract pathology, thus necessitating control and targeted correction of the somatic state and microecological status of this contingent.

Introduction. In the course of their work, firefighters are exposed to many harmful and dangerous factors, among which the chemical factor takes the leading place. Carbon monoxide is an integral part of any combustion, and its leading role in the toxic effect of combustion products is confirmed by numerous experimental data. The results obtained in the experiment on animals are of great importance in the study of combined effects. The purpose of the study was to study the behavioral activity of animals under combined exposure to carbon monoxide and harmful physical factors. Material and methods. The study was performed on outbred white male rats 3 months of age, in two directions: the study of the combined effects of carbon monoxide and elevated air temperature and the study of the combined effects of carbon monoxide and vibroacoustic factor. In each of the experimental models, rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: the first group was exposed to a single physical factor under study, the second group was exposed to multiple physical factors (for 14 days), the third group was exposed to a single exposure to carbon monoxide, the fourth group was exposed to multiple exposures to monoxide carbon, the fifth group was subjected to a single combined effect of a physical factor and carbon monoxide; the sixth group was subjected to multiple combined effects of the physical factor and carbon monoxide. The study of the behavioral activity of animals was carried out using the “Open field” and “Elevated plus maze” methods. Results. The data obtained indicate that the combined effect of carbon monoxide and harmful physical factors causes a change in the indicators of behavioral reactions of animals, while if with a single exposure most of the indicators return to the background values in a day, then with repeated exposure they remain significantly changed. Conclusion. The data obtained can be applied in studying the long-term effects of the combined effects of carbon monoxide and harmful physical factors on the body of firefighters.