Cleaner fruit production has become important for producers worldwide because consumers and retail companies increasingly base their purchase decisions on environmental criteria. Green manure is a soil management practice that promotes soil nutrient enrichment and may improve crop yield. Nonetheless, the environmental impacts and economic analysis of combined green manure and tropical fruit production have not been performed. This work assesses the environmental impacts and profits resulting from the Brazilian melon, commercialized in Brazil. Melon production is analyzed under two cultivation systems: i) the conventional form practiced by farmers located in the São Francisco Valley region, Brazil, and ii) the conservationist system, based on a green manure experiment carried out in this same region. This study applies life cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental impacts of both systems, considering farm inputs production and transportation (energy power, fertilizers, pesticides, plastic, paper, and fuel) as well as melon production and transportation to the main national distribution market in São Paulo. The impact categories evaluated are climate change, soil acidification, freshwater and marine eutrophication, water depletion, human toxicity (cancer and non-cancer), and ecotoxicity. Scenario analysis is applied to assess impacts under different designed conditions for transportation, packing, and nitrogen fertilization. The profit analysis is performed by reducing the total production costs (inputs and services) from the revenue obtained from selling melons. Results indicate that the conservationist system causes lower impacts and lead to higher profit than the conventional system, for all assessed categories. The scenario analysis confirms that impacts can be further reduced in all categories when alternative melon transportation and fertilization practices are adopted. This work demonstrates that the environmental performance of Brazilian melon production can be improved with the addition of green manure and alternative transportation practices.
FUNÇÃO DE PRODUÇÃO DA CULTURA DO MELÃO PARA NÍVEIS DE ÁGUA E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NO VALE DO CURU-CE Viviane da Silva BarrosRaimundo Nonato Távora CostaJosé Vanglésio de AguiarDepartamento de Engenharia Agrícola,Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 804,CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza – CE. 1 RESUMO Na presente pesquisa avaliaram-se os efeitos dos níveis de água, da adubação nitrogenada e da interação destes fatores sobre o rendimento econômico da cultura do melão, variedade AF-682. O experimento foi conduzido na área irrigada da Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curu, Pentecoste - CE, no período de agosto a dezembro de 1998. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de seis lâminas de irrigação (233,8, 221,4, 204,4, 183,5, 158,9 e 132,2mm) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 75, 150 e 300 kg.ha-1). A aplicação de água foi realizada através de um sistema de irrigação por sulcos retos e abertos ao final. As irrigações foram controladas por tensiômetros, utilizando-se um potencial mátrico crítico e indicativo de quando irrigar, equivalente a –30kPa. O rendimento máximo de 30574 kg.ha-1 foi obtido com uma lâmina total de água de 222,4mm e uma dose de nitrogênio de 209,2kg.ha-1. Constatou-se não apresentar vantagem econômica a substituição do fator lâminas de água pelo fator doses de nitrogênio. Nas parcelas que receberam o maior nível de adubação nitrogenada (300kg.ha-1), a eficiência de uso da água decresceu com o aumento da lâmina total de água. Quanto à eficiência ótima econômica do uso de água, de 13,77 kg.m-3 ou 137,7 kg.ha-1.mm-1, correspondeu a uma adubação nitrogenada de 195,24 kg.ha-1. UNITERMOS: irrigação por sulcos, adubação nitrogenada, rendimento. BARROS, V.S., COSTA, R. N. T., AGUIAR, J. V. IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION EFFECT ON MELON CROP YIELD 2 ABSTRACT This experiment aimed to determine the irrigation and nitrogen fertilization effect on melon crop yield. This experiment was carried out from August to December 1998 in Curu Valley Experimental Station at Pentecoste-CE. The experimental design was split plot randomized blocks and treatments consisted of six irrigation water levels (233.8, 221.4, 204.4, 183.5, 158.9 e 132.2mm) and four nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 75, 150 e 300 kg.ha-1). The crop was irrigated by tensiometer monitoring set at 0.15 m deep. Water was applied every time the tensiometers reached –30 kPa. Maximum economic yield (30574 kg.ha-1) was obtained through the production function using 222.4 mm of water and 209.2 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. It could be concluded that there has been no advantage on the water depth substitution for nitrogen fertilization The optimum economical water using was 13.8 kg.m3 or 138 kg.ha-1.mm-1, corresponding to 195.2 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen. KEYWORDS: furrow irrigation, nitrogen fertilization, yield.
Na presente pesquisa avaliaram-se os efeitos dos níveis de água, da adubação nitrogenada e da interação destes fatores sobre o rendimento econômico da cultura do melão, variedade AF-682. O experimento foi conduzido na área irrigada da Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curu, Pentecoste-CE, no período de agosto a dezembro de 1998. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de seis lâminas de irrigação (233,8, 221,4, 204,4, 183,5, 158,9 e 132,2mm) e quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 75, 150 e 300 kg.ha-1). A aplicação de água foi realizada através de um sistema de irrigação por sulcos retos e abertos ao final. As irrigações foram controladas por tensiômetros, utilizando-se um potencial mátrico crítico e indicativo de quando irrigar, equivalente a-30kPa. O rendimento máximo de 30574 kg.ha-1 foi obtido com uma lâmina total de água de 222,4mm e uma dose de nitrogênio de 209,2kg.ha-1. Constatou-se não apresentar vantagem econômica a substituição do fator lâminas de água pelo fator doses de nitrogênio. Nas parcelas que receberam o maior nível de adubação nitrogenada (300kg.ha-1), a eficiência de uso da água decresceu com o aumento da lâmina total de água. Quanto à eficiência ótima econômica do uso de água, de 13,77 kg.m-3 ou 137,7 kg.ha-1 .mm-1 , correspondeu a uma adubação nitrogenada de 195,24 kg.ha-1. UNITERMOS: irrigação por sulcos, adubação nitrogenada, rendimento.
This study evaluates the agronomic and environmental performance of yellow melons produced in an experimental area in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, using conventional methods and alternative systems of cultivation based on the rotation of melons with green manure crops. Two types of alternative management systems were evaluated, spanning twelve treatments: i) tillage, with the incorporation of the green manure biomass into the soil via the subsequent planting of melons into that residue, and ii) no tillage, with the maintenance of the biomass on the soil surface with subsequent planting of melons. Agronomic performance was evaluated by statistical analysis of productivity, while environmental performance was evaluated by analyzing the carbon footprint, according to ISO 14067. Agronomic analysis showed that rotation of melons with maize and Brachiaria resulted in a higher yield of melons for export. Assessment of the carbon footprint of this system in relation to the conventional system showed that the rotation system presented a lower carbon footprint. A scenario analysis showed that the carbon footprint can be further reduced by 42.54%, if: i) production takes place in areas already cultivated for more than 20 years, ii) the amount of inorganic nitrogen applied is reduced by 50%, and iii) commercialization of melons begins in the United States. This study shows the importance of rotating melons with green manure crops to increase production in the semiarid region and reduce the carbon footprint of this fruit.
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