The objective of this research is to estimate the socioeconomic and environmental value of ecosystem services produced by Agroforestry Systems of Tomé-Açu in society's perception. These systems, in addition to fruits, seeds, and nuts, provide other services that are perceived by society in the form of welfare, and are not yet sold on the market. For the analysis, the Integrated Method of Contingent Valuation was employed, which contemplates the economic, social and environmental dimensions. This approach relied in the equations modelling the Willingness to Pay for the conservation of Agroforestry Systems, and Willingness to Accept a compensation for not using these systems over other commercial production systems such as oil palm and soybean. The average value of ecosystem services in the Agroforestry Systems of Tomé-Açu in the population's perception was estimated at R$ 5.011,19 ha-1 for the Willingness to Pay and R$ 7.367,24 ha-1 for the Willingness to Accept. This indicates the importance given by the community to the benefits generated by the ecosystem services, in a magnitude higher than the market value of the Amazon rainforest and of the production systems. Therefore, the value of these services should also integrate the payment to compensate the producers that maintain these systems in the Amazon.
Jambu is considered a leafy vegetable with expressive relevance in the regions that compose the Brazilian Amazon. However, there are challenges regarding its cultivation, particularly for the nutritional management, since there is little technical information that allows an increase in the efficiency of its production. In this sense, nitrogen (N) gains prominence, since it is related to the increased yield and quality of leafy vegetables, therefore its monitoring of N content in plants is necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of using the SPAD index to estimate the N content of jambu leaves, total chlorophyll concentration, as well as its relationship with dry mass accumulation due to the increase of nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution. The design used was completely randomized with eight replications. The treatments were six nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution (11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21 mmol L -¹ ). After 21 days of transplantation, the SPAD index was measured. Then, these plants were collected to quantify the total chlorophyll, dry mass and nitrogen content. In general, the variables were explained by increasing linear models. There was a positive correlation between the SPAD index and the other characteristics evaluated. Based on the results, the best response at the concentration of 21 mmol L -¹ in the nutrient solution stands out. In addition, the SPAD index has potential to be used in the diagnosis of nitrogen status in jambu leaves.
The yellow ipe (Tabebuia serratifolia Vahl Nich.), is a forest species of relevance in Brazil, with characteristics of timber, medicinal, ornamental and cultural interest, in addition, the species stands out in reforestation activities in degraded areas. Mineral nutrition directly affects the production of seedlings, being a very important factor in the productivity of forest stands. Based on that, the present work aimed to evaluate the morphological responses, accumulation of dry matter, quality of seedlings, as well as the characterization of the symptoms of nutritional deficiencies in seedlings of yellow ipe (Tabebuia serratifolia), under individual omissions of macronutrients and micronutrient iron. The design was used in randomized blocks, adopting eight treatments: Complete solution, and individual omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Fe, with three repetitions each. The omissions of N and Ca were those that most compromised the dry matter accumulation of the yellow ipe seedlings. The omissions of nutrients limited the relative growth of the seedlings, presenting the following order of growth: N
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito de diferentes alturas de poda sobre as características agronômicas de duas variedades de mandioca. Utilizou-se as variedades conhecidas regionalmente como “Amarelinha” e “Paulo velho”. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 12 tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 2 x 6, sendo duas variedades de mandioca (Amarelinha e Paulo velho), cinco alturas de poda (0,05 m; 0,25 m; 0,5 m; 0,75 m; 0,95 m) e testemunha (sem poda). As variáveis analisadas foram: altura da planta, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, teor de matéria seca da parte aérea, produtividade de matéria seca parte aérea, número de raiz total, número de raiz comercial, teor de matéria seca da raiz, produtividade de raiz total, produtividade de raiz comercial, e índice de colheita. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste F e a comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância, utilizando o programa Sisvar. De acordo com os dados obtidos pela análise de variância, observou-se interação significativa para todas as variáveis exceto para teor de matéria seca da parte aérea e índice de colheita. A altura de poda a 0,5 m de altura proporcionou efeito positivo sobre a produtividade de raízes e folhas, a variedade de mandioca “Amarelinha” é a mais indicada para produção de forragem e raízes e variedade “Paulo velho” é indicada para produção de raízes.
Jambu is a condiment herb used in the preparation of typical and herbal dishes in the Amazon Region. The inflorescences, leaves, and stems of the plant are used. In addition, jambu has numerous applications in the cosmetics and food industries due to the presence of the bioactive compound spilanthol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and physiological performance of jambu genotypes of Acmella oleracea, and Acmella ciliata species grown in hydroponics. The experiment used was a completely randomized design with eight treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of jambu genotypes (UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4, UFR-5, UFR-6, UFR-7 and UFR-8) collected in different locations in the state of Pará. We evaluated the beginning of flowering, length of the main branch, diameter of the main branch, leaf area, shoot fresh mass, inflorescence fresh mass, root fresh mass, total fresh mass, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, and instant carboxylation efficiency. The genotypes presented different behaviors about the productive and physiological growth characteristics. The genotypes UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4 and UFR-7 exhibited greater precocity of flowering. In general, genotypes of the species A. oleracea presented lower rate of net photosynthesis when compared to those of the species A. ciliata. The genotypes of A. oleracea showed total fresh mass accumulation capacity, in addition to a high potential for inflorescence production. The genotypes UFR-2 and UFR-4 stood out because they presented higher yields of shoots fresh mass and inflorescences, respectively. Therefore, these genotypes should be considered in crop improvement programs.
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