Jambu is considered a leafy vegetable with expressive relevance in the regions that compose the Brazilian Amazon. However, there are challenges regarding its cultivation, particularly for the nutritional management, since there is little technical information that allows an increase in the efficiency of its production. In this sense, nitrogen (N) gains prominence, since it is related to the increased yield and quality of leafy vegetables, therefore its monitoring of N content in plants is necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of using the SPAD index to estimate the N content of jambu leaves, total chlorophyll concentration, as well as its relationship with dry mass accumulation due to the increase of nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution. The design used was completely randomized with eight replications. The treatments were six nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution (11, 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21 mmol L -¹ ). After 21 days of transplantation, the SPAD index was measured. Then, these plants were collected to quantify the total chlorophyll, dry mass and nitrogen content. In general, the variables were explained by increasing linear models. There was a positive correlation between the SPAD index and the other characteristics evaluated. Based on the results, the best response at the concentration of 21 mmol L -¹ in the nutrient solution stands out. In addition, the SPAD index has potential to be used in the diagnosis of nitrogen status in jambu leaves.
Acmella oleracea is a herbaceous plant native to the Amazon region that is currently arousing industrial interest due to its potential gastronomic, cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses. Accordingly, the objective of the current study was to test the influence of temperatures on A. oleracea seed germination and seedling vigor. A completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and five replicates was used. Treatments consisted of temperatures: 23, 26, 29, 32 and 35 ºC. The study was conducted in BODtype climate chambers with relative humidity above 90% and a 12 h photoperiod. Germination, germination speed index (GSI), average germination time, root length and number of normal and abnormal seedlings were recorded. Temperature influenced all analyzed variables, except average germination time and number of normal/abnormal seedlings. A quadratic model best described the relationship between dependent and independent variables. In general, maximum germination values, and GSI and root lengths were obtained at temperatures close to 29 °C, while the lowest observed values for these variables occurred at extreme temperatures (23 and 35 °C). The highest percentage of germinated seeds occurred on the second day. Temperatures above 29 ºC induced a significant reduction in the A. oleracea seedling root lengths.
O jambu é uma hortaliça que vem ganhando bastante destaque nos últimos anos, em escala regional pelo impacto que possui na gastronomia paraense, mas também no cenário nacional e internacional, por apresentar um componente ativo conhecido como espilantol, que dá a sensação de um efeito anestésico e formigamento na boca. Apesar disso, estudos descrevendo sintomas de deficiência e exigências nutricionais da espécie ainda não foram completamente elucidados. Sendo assim, o trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar sintomas de deficiências nutricionais e produção de massa seca de plantas de jambu em função da omissão de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio na solução nutritiva. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia em Belém-PA. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e dez repetições. Os tratamentos foram: solução completa, omissão de nitrogênio (-N), omissão de fósforo (-P) e omissão de potássio (-K). As supressões do N, P e K na solução nutritiva resultaram na ocorrência de desordens nutricionais apenas para o N e K, verificando-se sintomas característicos de deficiência para estes nutrientes, sendo que a deficiência ocorre com os seguintes teores: 17,54 e 3,70 g kg-1, respectivamente. As omissões individuais de N e K provocaram redução da matéria seca da parte aérea e massa seca de raiz. Em adição, observou-se que a omissão de N limitou a passagem da fase vegetativa para a fase reprodutiva, sendo, portanto, o elemento que mais restringiu o crescimento e desenvolvimento do jambu. Palavras-chave: Solução nutritiva. Desordem nutricional. Macronutrientes. ABCTRACT Jambu is a vegetable that has gained a lot of notoriety in the last years, on a regional scale due to the impact it has on paraense gastronomy, but also on the national and international scene, because it has an active component known as spilanthol, which gives the sensation of an anesthetic effect and tingling in the mouth. Despite that, studies describing deficiency symptoms and nutritional requirements of the species have not yet been completely elucidated. Therefore, the objective of this work is evaluate symptoms of nutritional deficiencies and dry mass production of jambu plants in function of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium omission in nutrient solution. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia in Belém-PA. A completely randomized design with four treatments and ten replications was used. The treatments were: complete solution, nitrogen omission (-N), phosphorus omission (-P) and potassium omission (-K). The suppressions of N, P and K in the nutrient solution resulted in the occurrence of nutritional disorders only for N and K, verifying characteristic deficiency symptoms for these nutrients, being that the deficiency occurs with the following contents: 17.54 and 3.70 g kg-1, respectively. Individual omissions of N and K caused reduction of aerial part dry matter and root dry mass. In addition, it was observed tha...
Jambu is a vegetable, widely consumed in the Brazilian North Region, both in typical foods and medicinal herb. Despite its versatility, there are uncountable challenges in relation to its cultivation, especially with regard to the availability of information on nutritional management, such as the lack of data on the effect of liming associated with the supply of nitrogen (N) on the production performance of the crop. Thus, the effect of nitrogen fertilization and liming on growth, production, physiological responses and post-harvest quality of the yellow-flowered variety jambu was evaluated. The experimental design was randomized in factorial blocks (6 x 2), with five repetitions. The treatments consisted in the combination of six doses of N (0; 60; 90; 120; 150 and 180 kg ha-1) with and without liming application (0 and 70% V). The variables of growth, production, gas exchange and post-harvest quality of jambu were evaluated. Standardly, there was interaction between N-dose and liming factors for most of the analyzed variables, except for titratable acidity and total soluble solids and titratable acidity ratio. In general, the increasing of N doses combined with liming positively affected growth, production, physiological responses and post-harvest quality, and it was observed that in the 170 kg ha-1 dose of N higher response was obtained in the biomass accumulation of the aerial part and in the 180 kg ha-1 dose of N maximum production of inflorescences. Therefore, the use of correctives associated with nitrogen fertilization is recommended to obtain more significant production and quality of jambu.
Jambu is a condiment herb used in the preparation of typical and herbal dishes in the Amazon Region. The inflorescences, leaves, and stems of the plant are used. In addition, jambu has numerous applications in the cosmetics and food industries due to the presence of the bioactive compound spilanthol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and physiological performance of jambu genotypes of Acmella oleracea, and Acmella ciliata species grown in hydroponics. The experiment used was a completely randomized design with eight treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of jambu genotypes (UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4, UFR-5, UFR-6, UFR-7 and UFR-8) collected in different locations in the state of Pará. We evaluated the beginning of flowering, length of the main branch, diameter of the main branch, leaf area, shoot fresh mass, inflorescence fresh mass, root fresh mass, total fresh mass, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, and instant carboxylation efficiency. The genotypes presented different behaviors about the productive and physiological growth characteristics. The genotypes UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4 and UFR-7 exhibited greater precocity of flowering. In general, genotypes of the species A. oleracea presented lower rate of net photosynthesis when compared to those of the species A. ciliata. The genotypes of A. oleracea showed total fresh mass accumulation capacity, in addition to a high potential for inflorescence production. The genotypes UFR-2 and UFR-4 stood out because they presented higher yields of shoots fresh mass and inflorescences, respectively. Therefore, these genotypes should be considered in crop improvement programs.
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