Objetivos: el uso abusivo y la dependencia de alcohol y otras drogas es muy común entre las comunidades y visto como un problema de salud pública, que requiere cuidados y tratamientos; así la presente revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo analizar las publicaciones científicas respecto de las actitudes, creencias y comportamientos estigmatizantes por parte de los profesionales de la salud frente a los usuarios de sustancias psicoativas, quienes buscan atención en los servicios de salud. Metodología: durante el mes de mayo de 2018 se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos de SciELO, LILACS, Pubmed, PsycINFO y Pepsic que generó un total de 35 artículos que se correspondieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: se logra observar que, aunque los profesionales tienen consciencia acerca de su rol en la atención de los pacientes y que a veces tienen predisposición para atenderlos, las actitudes y creencias negativas pravelecen, debido al miedo, el poco interés, el prejuicio, la impaciencia y la falta de conocimiento sobre la problemática, evidenciados en los comportamientos de dichos profesionales. Por lo tanto, se señala la necesidad de promover discusiones y nuevas reflexiones, que deben ser realizadas conjuntamente con los profesionales, con el objetivo de elaborar estrategias de disminución de las actitudes negativas y del estigma, los cuales deben, además, ser trabajados desde la formación.
Health professionals are in a strategic position to help people with substance use disorders (SUDs) who seek health services for support or treatment. However, it is known that professionals' attitudes towards people who use alcohol and other drugs are marked by stigmatizing attitudes that create barriers to access quality treatment and make it difficult for the user to adhere to it. From this, the present study aimed to investigate the attitudes of 264 health professionals from specialised services and primary health care (PHC) in the Southeast region of Brazil, through Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS-HC), taking into account the hypothesis of contact with the subject as a predictor of more positive attitudes. For this, a Multiple Hierarchical Regression was carried out to ascertain the contribution of the variables used in the explanatory model of attitudes. In addition, the measure of social desirability (SD), assessed by Brazilian Portuguese adaptation of Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, was used as a control variable in the regression model to obtain a more robust and accurate model regarding the presence of biased responses, pervasive in studies on attitudes. In general, our findings showed that contact/familiarity with substance use, either through direct contact with users or through the respondent's own use, predicted more positive attitudes, with specialised service professionals expressing more positive attitudes than those working in PHC. Blaming the user for his/her condition presented itself as a predictor of more negative attitudes.Studies like this are of paramount importance for understanding the relationship established between professionals and service users and, therefore, for tailoring interventions and programs that aim to reduce stigmatizing attitudes and provide better access to health for people with SUDs. The importance of using the SD measure as a control variable in Regression is also emphasised, as an effective way to overcome to a common limitation in studies of attitudes.
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