Lipozyme TL IM foi usada para catalisar a esterificação de álcool isoamílico e ácido butírico. Um planejamento fatorial fracionário foi utilizado para avaliar os efeitos da temperatura (30, 40, 50 ºC), razão molar álcool:ácido (1:1, 2:1, 3:1), concentração de enzima (0,003, 0,0115, 0,020 g mL -1 ), concentração de ácido butírico (0,1, 0,3, 0,5 mol L -1 ) e agitação (50, 115, 180 rpm) na produção de éster. Com esses resultados, os níveis foram redefinidos para um planejamento fatorial 2³. A máxima produção de éster foi obtida a 30 ºC, 180 rpm, razão molar álcool:ácido de 1:1, concentração de enzima 0,021 g mL -1 e concentração de ácido butírico de 0,5 mol L -1 . Sob essas condições ótimas foi obtido 92% de esterificação e concentração de éster de 0,9 mol L -1 . Álcool isoamílico obtido a partir de óleo fúsel foi utilizado nas mesmas condições resultando em 93% de esterificação e concentração de éster de 1,0 mol L -1 .Lipozyme TL IM was used to catalyse the esterification of isoamyl alcohol and butyric acid. A fractional factorial design was employed to evaluate the effects of temperature (30, 40, 50 °C), alcohol:acid molar ratio (1:1, 2:1, 3:1), enzyme concentration (0.003, 0.0115, 0.020 g mL -1 ), butyric acid concentration (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mol L -1 ) and shaking rate (50, 115, 180 rpm) on the ester yield. With these results, the levels were redefined to a 2 3 factorial design. The maximum yield of ester was obtained at 30 ºC, 180 rpm, alcohol:acid molar ratio of 1:1, enzyme concentration of 0.021 g mL -1 and butyric acid concentration of 0.5 mol L -1 . Under the optimal conditions, 92% esterification was attained with an ester concentration of 0.9 mol L -1 . Isoamyl alcohol from fusel oil was used under the same conditions and resulted in 93% esterification and an ester concentration of 1.0 mol L -1 .
Recebido em 28/5/08; aceito em 21/5/09; publicado na web em 10/11/09 ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS ISOAMYL BUTYRATE EMPLOYING COMMERCIAL MICROBIAL LIPASES. Isoamyl butyrate production was investigated using free and immobilized lipases by esterification of butyric acid with isoamyl alcohol in a solventfree system and in an organic media. Among the enzymes studied, Lipozyme TL IM was found to be the most active catalyst in n-hexane as a solvent. The effects of different solvents and the amount of water added on conversion rates were studied. A maximum conversion yield of 80% in n-hexano at 48 h was obtained under the following conditions: 3 g L-1 of Lipozyme TL IM, 30 ºC, 180 rpm of agitation, isoamyl alcohol to butyric acid molar ratio of 1:1 and acid substrate concentration of 0.06 M.
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