One effort to obtain the superior rice genotypes, namely by selecting several local genotypes of Gogo Rice. This research aims to determine the diversity of components of production and production of some local south East Sulawesi Rice genotypes, the collection Faculty of Agriculture UHO. The planting material used is 8 (eight) local and southeast Sulawesi Rice genotypes. The study used the group’s randomized design, comprising 8 (eight) treatments (genotypes) and three repeats. To eight local Gogo Rice genotypes tested are: 1) yellow Loiyo genotypes, 2) White Loiyo genotypes, 3) Waburi-Buri genotypes, 4) Black genotypes, 5) Ngalaru genotypes, 6) of the Ungurunu genotypes, 7) Pae Momea genotypes, and 8) genotypes of Tinangge. The results showed the diversity of harvest age, the number of productive tillers, the amount of content grain, the total amount of grain, harvest index, the weight of 1000 grains, and the production of dried grain harvest from Gogo Rice genotypes in the test. From the eight locally southeast Sulawesi Rice genotypes tested. Two genotypes have high production potentials (on average of Gogo rice production), Ngalaru genotypes, and Tinangge genotypes, with the output of each 4.08 and 3.28 tons ha-1.
The limited availability of fertile land and the existence of disease-causing pathogens are major obstacles to the development of maize plants. This study aimed to get at the effect of the composition of organic matters on the ability of Biofresh biological agents in inducing the resistance of three maize varieties to sheath blight disease. The study used a factorial Randomized Block Design. The first factor consisted of three levels, namely: V1 = Hybrid Variety BISI-2, V2 = Variety Pioneer-35, and V3 = Variety Pertiwi-3. The second factor consisted of three levels, namely: B0 = 100% inorganic fertilizer, B1 = Biofresh + bokashi + 50% inorganic fertilizer, B2 = Biofresh + Bokashi Plus + 50% inorganic fertilizer. The highest disease severity occurred in the independent treatments of V2 variety (38.19%), and B0 (49.25%), the highest AUDPC value occurred at treatment V2B0 (513.33% unit), the highest IPP was obtained at V3B2 treatment (52.78%), the highest increase in salicylic acid activity and peroxidase enzyme activity, from the vegetative phase to the generative phase, was found at V3B2 treatment, each at 1.34 and 1.21, respectively.
Rice is the major food commodity in Indonesia and many other countries, as the main source of carbohydrate. Rice production must be increased continuously to meet food needs, one of which is by utilizing largely available dry land areas. Two important factors required to increase rice production on marginal soils are the use of high-production adaptive varieties and biological agents. It is necessary to conduct research on the application of local microbes to the cultivation of upland rice cultivars, with the aim to determine the best genotypes and/or suitable microbes. This research was carried out at the Research Field and laboratories of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Halu Oleo, from April 2020 to April 2021. The first tested factor was biological agents (local microbes), consisting of three levels, namely: without microbes (M0), the fungus Trichoderma sp. (M1), and the bacteria Pseudomonas sp. (M2). The second factor was the upland rice cultivar, which consisted of five levels, namely: V1 (Tinangge cultivar), V2 (Enggalaru cultivar), V3 (Bakala cultivar), V4 (Momea cultivar), and 1 nasional variety, namely V5 (Inpago-12 variety), as check variety. The research results showed that the interaction between local microbes Trichoderma sp. (M1) and Pseudomonas sp. (M2) on Tinangge (V1) and Momea (V4) cultivars gave a better effect on crop production. The best cultivar based on the growth and yield variables was generally obtained from the Momea cultivar (V4), although in many variables it was not significantly different from the Tinangge cultivar (V1). These cultivars could be further studied and possibly developed for promising cultivars in Kendari areas.
Sclerotium rolfsii is an important plant pathogen and causes disease in some cultivated plants especially in Southeast Sulawesi. S. rolfsii is mainly controlled by using synthetic fungicides which are hazardous to human, livestock and environment. In the present study, eleven species of Trichoderma, indigenous to Southeast Sulawesi, were tested for their in vitro efficacy against S. rolfsii to replace deleterious fungicides. The analysis of variance showed significant results of the indigenous Trichoderma spp. against S. rolfsii. in in vitro test. All the Trichoderma isolates inhibited the growth of the test fungus differently. After three days of inoculation, ST1 treatment showed the highest inhibitory ability by 55.56% but was not significantly different from the inhibitory abilities of ST2, ST3, ST5, ST6, ST7, ST9, ST10, and ST11 treatments. The treatment ST4 and ST8 gave inhibitory abilities by 25.22% and 26.11% respectively. Furthermore, the data after 4, 5, 6 and 7 days after inoculation were also significant. The ST1 (DKT isolate) treatment gave the maximum inhibition of the test fungus after all the time intervals of seven days. On the other hand, ST8 (LKP isolate) treatment gave the lowest inhibitory ability. DKT isolate of indigenous Trichoderma had the highest inhibitory ability reaching to 55.56% on third days of observation while LKP isolate had the lowest inhibitory ability of 16.67% and then decreased subsequently. the antagonistic mechanisms of Trichoderma isolates were space and nutrition competition, antibiosis, and mycoparasitism. These results showed that Trichoderma indigenous to Southeast Sulawesi had better in vitro inhibitory ability to control S. rolfsii by the above-mentioned mechanisms.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pupuk hayati Biofresh dan bahan organik Bokashi dalam meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman jagung terhadap penyakit karat daun Puccinia (Puccinia polysora). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Konda I, Kecamatan Konda, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Metode Percobaan menggunakan Rancakan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Pola Faktorial yang terdiri dari 8 kombinasi perlakuan dan ulangan 3 kali sehingga terdapat 24 unit percobaan. Parameter yang diamati adalah Intensitas Penyakit (IP) karat daun Puccinia, LDBKPP, IPP, dan Analisis Aktivitas Enzim Peroksidase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk hayati Biofresh dan bahan organik Bokashi mampu meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap pengakit karat daun Puccinia pada tanaman jagung. Nilai LDBKPP terendah pada perlakuan A1B1 sebesar 220,37%.hari, IPP tertinggi pada perlakuan A1B1 sebesar 51,74% dan aktivitas enzim peroksidase tertinggi pada perlakuan A1B1 sebesar 0,13 unit.mg–1.
Pseudomonas fluorescens 4RS1 merupakan bakteri endofit yang memiliki daya hambat kuat terhadap Phytophthora palmivora sehingga potensial dikembangkan sebagai agens hayati penyakit busuk buah pada kakao. Agar aplikasi agens hayati ini dapat dilakukan oleh petani maka diperlukan suatu formula yang mampu mempertahankan viabilitas dan daya hambatnya, serta memudahkan penggunaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kemampuan talk dan tepung tapioka sebagai bahan dasar formula yang dilengkapi bahan tambahan nutrisi supaya mampu mempertahankan viabilitas dan daya hambat P. fluorescens 4RS1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung tapioka sebagai bahan dasar formula P. fluorescens 4RS1 lebih baik dibandingkan dengan talk karena memiliki daya larut yang tinggi dan endapan yang rendah. Penambahan nutrisi berupa gula merah, pepton, dan CMC dalam formula tepung tapioka mampu mempertahankan viabilitas dan daya hambat P. fluorescens 4RS1 selama 12 minggu masa penyimpanan.
Penelitian bertujuan untuk: Mengetahui pengaruh fungisida alami berbahan aktif asam anacardat 67 SL dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Colletotrichum sp. secara in-vitro, mendapatkan konsentrasi yang efektif, serta mengetahui pengaruh interaksi dan mandiri jenis buah dan metode coating menggunakan fungisida dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Colletotrichum sp. secara in-vitro. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman Unit Fitopatologi, Universitas Halu Oleo, dimulai pada Oktober sampai Maret 2022. Penelitian disusun mengunakan 2 rancangan penelitian. Tahap 1 menggunakan rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan: P0= tanpa fungisida, P1= 5% fungisida, P2= 10% fungisida, P3= 15% fungisida, P4= 20% fungisida dan P5= 25% fungisida, diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Tahap 2 menggunakan rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial: faktor pertama C1= Cabai merah dan C2= Cabai hijau, sedangkan faktor kedua M0= tanpa metode coating, M1= metode coating penyelupan dan M2= metode coating penyemprotan. Variabel yang diamati yaitu, daya hambat Colletotrichum sp., masa inkubasi dan intensitas penyakit antraknosa. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam, jika menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan DMRT pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa fungisida alami berbahan aktif asam anacardat 67 SL mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Colletotrichum sp., dengan konsentrasi 25% yang paling efektif, terdapat perlakuan pengaruh mandiri dengan intensitas penyakit terendah adalah C2 (9,188%) dan M2 (7,100%) dan perlakuan interaksi dengan intensitas penyakit terendah adalah C2M1 (00,00%.).
The subject of the research was aimed to assess the compatibility of organic matter and bio-fertilizers type in improving plant resistance to disease mosaic virus (SMV) and the production of soybean on Ultisol. This study was conducted by two phases; the first phase was compatibility testing of Bokashi types and biological fertilizers to improve plant resistance to disease mosaic virus (Soybean mosaic virus) and Production of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill), organized by Split plot Design in a randomized block design consisting of 16 treatment repeated three replications. Therefore, there were 48 experimental units. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test if the treatment significantly. The results showed that both of the biological agents Biofresh and Agrisoy that applied with soybean litter compost is able to improve the resistance to disease mosaic virus (Soybean mosaic virus) and productivity of soybean in Ultisol.
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