This paper presents Ice Crystals particles trajectory simulations based on models representative of aircraft engines flying through realistic Ice Crystals clouds. The current study pursues of the work performed by Safran Aircraft Engines in the framework of the High Altitude Ice Crystals (HAIC) European research project. Results of the HAIC/High Ice Water Content (HIWC) projects flight campaigns are used to characterize the atmospheric environment in the Ice Crystals clouds. The present work benefits from the mixed-phased and glaciated particles trajectory modeling capabilities available in ONERA's icing numerical tools. Simulations are run on two distinct geometries: a generic engine Inlet & Fan, and a generic Fan & Low Pressure Compressor. The first configuration allows the effects of centrifugation and fragmentation on particle concentrations at the engine's primary flow inlet. The influence of particle size is also studied. The second geometry provides qualitative information on preferential accretion sites within the engine. Simulation results obtained for this configuration are consistent with experimental observations of the so-called plateau effect.
In the framework of the MUSIC-haic European project, the ONERA 3D accretion solver Film has been enhanced with ICI (Ice Crystal Icing) capabilities. These new features target different phenomena such as ice layer porosity, erosion due to ice crystals impacts, and also heat transfers with the solid surface. In ICI simulations, the erosion phenomena plays an active role on the ice shape, creating conical shapes which have been extensively studied. However, these shapes are currently modeled using a multi-step approach which requires a re-meshing procedure at each time step. Such a procedure, involving recomputing the flow-field and particle trajectories, would be very expensive for 3D simulations. The first part of this article is then devoted to present a new geometrical approach which is promising to take into account the erosion effect on the ice shape for 3D simulations without re-meshing. The other key point for ICI simulations is the modeling of thermal coupling with the wall. Indeed, this phenomenon is essential for simulations in engine environment or on anti-iced airfoils. The second part of the article is then dedicated to the implementation of an efficient algorithm for the thermal coupling with a 3D heat conduction solver.
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