Ice Crystals Trajectory Calculations in a Turbofan Engine

Aouizerate, Gilles; Charton, Virgile; Balland, Morgan; Senoner, Jean-Mathieu; Trontin, Pierre; Laurent, Claire; Blanchard, Ghislain; Villedieu, Philippe

doi:10.2514/6.2018-4130

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This provides a boundary condition for simulations considering only the core compression system. Aouizerate et al [20] used a Rosin-Rammler distribution with = 400 μm as the inlet icing cloud for a study of crystal ingestion, where a fan and single stage LP booster of a medium bypass ratio turbofan were modelled. A particle breakup model first proposed by Villedieu et al [5] was used to output the expected PSD at the fan face, downstream of the fan and downstream of the inlet guide vane (IGV).…”

Section: Particle Size Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICICLE: A Model for Glaciated & amp; Mixed Phase Icing for Application to Aircraft Engines

Bucknell¹,

McGilvray²,

Gillespie³

et al. 2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

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High altitude ice crystals can pose a threat to aircraft engine compression and combustion systems. Cases of engine damage, surge and rollback have been recorded in recent years, believed due to ice crystals partially melting and accreting on static surfaces (stators, endwalls and ducting). The increased awareness and understanding of this phenomenon has resulted in the extension of icing certification requirements to include glaciated and mixed phase conditions. Developing semi-empirical models is a cost effective way of enabling certification, and providing simple design rules for next generation engines. A comprehensive ice crystal icing model is presented in this paper, the Ice Crystal Icing ComputationaL Environment (ICICLE). It is modular in design, comprising a baseline code consisting of an axisymmetric or 2D planar flowfield solution, Lagrangian particle tracking, air-particle heat transfer and phase change, and surface interactions (bouncing, fragmentation, sticking). In addition, an efficient particle tracking method has been developed into the code, which employs the representative particle size distribution at each injection location and a deterministic particle sticking method by using an in-situ particle based scaling factor without aborting the particle trajectories. Various time integration algorithms, including implicit and explicit Euler and Runge-Kutta methods, are discussed and the effect on an acceptable timestep investigated. The model then improves on those available in the literature in three ways: firstly, an adaptation of the Extended Messinger Model (EMM) to mixed phase conditions is incorporated, improving the fidelity of the ice accretion prediction compared with the classical Messinger model. Secondly, an experimentally-derived model for sticking efficiency improves the accuracy of the continuity equation in the EMM; thirdly a simple model for integrating two-way coupling of mass and energy is proposed.

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Section: Particle Size Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICICLE: A Model for Glaciated & amp; Mixed Phase Icing for Application to Aircraft Engines

Bucknell¹,

McGilvray²,

Gillespie³

et al. 2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…However, since ice crystal models are not available in 3D tools, more complex validation test cases have not been possible yet. To date, in Europe, the most realistic 3D simulations have been carried out using ONERA 3D tool, CEDRE, to simulate ice crystal trajectories in a turbofan engine [27] (Figure 8) and in the vicinity of an aircraft nose. However, these simulations were only aimed to prove the feasibility of such computations since result analysis was only qualitative.…”

Section: Validation Tests Based On Real Industrial Configurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MUSIC-haic: 3D Multidisciplinary Tools for the Simulation of In-Flight Icing due to High Altitude Ice Crystals

Villedieu¹,

Trontin²,

Aouizerate³

et al. 2019

SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility

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Icing is a major hazard for aviation safety. Over the last decades an additional risk has been identified when flying in clouds with high concentrations of ice-crystals where ice accretion may occur on warm parts of the engine core, resulting in engine incidents such as loss of engine thrust, strong vibrations, blade damage, or even the inability to restart engines. Performing physical engine tests in icing wind tunnels is extremely challenging, therefore, the need for numerical simulation tools able to accurately predict ICI (Ice Crystal Icing) is urgent and paramount for the aeronautics industry, especially regarding the development of new generation engines (UHBR = Ultra High Bypass Ratio, CROR = Counter rotating Open Rotor, ATP = Advanced Turboprop) for which analysis methods largely based on previous engines experience may be less and less applicable. The European research project MUSIC-haic has been conceived to fill this gap and has started in September 2018. MUSIC-haic brings together the main European research institutions working on icing modelling as well as engine manufacturers and aircraft manufacturers. The project will develop advanced ice crystal icing models, implement them in existing industrial 3D multidisciplinary tools, and finally perform extensive validation of the new ICI numerical capability through comparison of numerical results with both academic and industrial experimental data. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of the project technical objectives, scientific ambition and methodology, and work breakdown structure.

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“…Grift et al [8] studied the ice crystal trajectories of a turbofan compressor based on the Lagrangian method, but they had not considered the non-spherical characteristics of the ice crystals. Aouizerate et al [9] used Lagrangian method to simulate flight accretion under mixed-phase conditions. Zhengzhi W [10] et al numerically simulated ice crystal trajectories based on Lagrange method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Phase Transition and Collection Characteristics of Non-Spherical Ice Crystals with Eulerian and Lagrangian Methods

Lu,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Aerospace

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Ice crystal icing occurs in jet engine compressors, which can severely degrade jet engine performance. In this paper, two different numerical calculation methods, the Eulerian method and the Lagrangian method, were used to evaluate the dynamics, mass transfer, heat transfer, phase transition and trajectory of ice crystals. Then, we studied the effects of initial diameter, initial sphericity, initial temperature of ice crystal, and relative humidity of airflow on the phase transition and collection characteristics of ice crystal particles. Results indicate that the non-spherical characteristics of ice crystals have a significant impact on their impingement limits and collection characteristics. The collection coefficient of unmelted ice crystals is positively correlated with the initial particle diameter and sphericity, and negatively correlated with the initial particle temperature and the relative humidity of airflow. The melting rate of ice crystal particles on the impact surface increases exponentially with the initial diameter of the particles, linearly increases with the relative humidity of the airflow and initial temperature of the particles, and exponentially decreases with the sphericity of the particles.

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Ice Crystals Trajectory Calculations in a Turbofan Engine

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

ICICLE: A Model for Glaciated & amp; Mixed Phase Icing for Application to Aircraft Engines

ICICLE: A Model for Glaciated & amp; Mixed Phase Icing for Application to Aircraft Engines

MUSIC-haic: 3D Multidisciplinary Tools for the Simulation of In-Flight Icing due to High Altitude Ice Crystals

Investigation on Phase Transition and Collection Characteristics of Non-Spherical Ice Crystals with Eulerian and Lagrangian Methods

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