MUSIC-haic: 3D Multidisciplinary Tools for the Simulation of In-Flight Icing due to High Altitude Ice Crystals

Abstract

Icing is a major hazard for aviation safety. Over the last decades an additional risk has been identified when flying in clouds with high concentrations of ice-crystals where ice accretion may occur on warm parts of the engine core, resulting in engine incidents such as loss of engine thrust, strong vibrations, blade damage, or even the inability to restart engines. Performing physical engine tests in icing wind tunnels is extremely challenging, therefore, the need for numerical simulation tools able to accurately predict ICI (Ice Crystal Icing) is urgent and paramount for the aeronautics industry, especially regarding the development of new generation engines (UHBR = Ultra High Bypass Ratio, CROR = Counter rotating Open Rotor, ATP = Advanced Turboprop) for which analysis methods largely based on previous engines experience may be less and less applicable. The European research project MUSIC-haic has been conceived to fill this gap and has started in September 2018. MUSIC-haic brings together the main European research institutions working on icing modelling as well as engine manufacturers and aircraft manufacturers. The project will develop advanced ice crystal icing models, implement them in existing industrial 3D multidisciplinary tools, and finally perform extensive validation of the new ICI numerical capability through comparison of numerical results with both academic and industrial experimental data. The aim of the present paper is to provide an overview of the project technical objectives, scientific ambition and methodology, and work breakdown structure.

Experimental Investigation of the Accretion and Shedding Process on a Heatable Naca0012 Airfoil in Ice Crystal Icing Conditions

“…Since then, more and more detailed studies have been performed to investigate the effects of ice crystal icing (Mason et al, 2011;Currie et al, 2012a;Oliver, 2014;Fuleki et al, 2019;Bansmer et al, 2018). Large international projects were set up, such as between NASA and NRC (Addy and Veres, 2011), the European funded project HAIC (Eu Commission Page, 2023), and the successor project MUSIC-haic (Villedieu et al, 2020) to further the understanding of ice crystal icing physics. Several studies focused on the microphysical properties of ice particles in clouds and on the description of cloud properties (van Diedenhoven et al, 2014;Fontaine et al, 2017;Leroy et al, 2017;Fontaine et al, 2020;Haggerty et al, 2019).…”

Experimental and numerical investigations of snow accretion.

“…1 presents samples of ice crystals (columns, columns with plates, plates in the top row, planar dendrites in the third row, graupel (or snow pellets) in the fifth row) and snowflakes with different degrees of riming in the three last rows. This point was not addressed by the European projects HAIC [4] and [5], where the models for trajectory, impact and erosion [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] were derived for ice particles with higher densities and more regular geometric shapes. In the framework of these two previous projects [4,5], models for mixed phase and ice crystal icing (Appendix D) have been derived from academic [10,16] and more applied experiments [11,15] to be integrated into numerical tools able to simulate the entire accretion process [14].…”

“…This point was not addressed by the European projects HAIC [4] and [5], where the models for trajectory, impact and erosion [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] were derived for ice particles with higher densities and more regular geometric shapes. In the framework of these two previous projects [4,5], models for mixed phase and ice crystal icing (Appendix D) have been derived from academic [10,16] and more applied experiments [11,15] to be integrated into numerical tools able to simulate the entire accretion process [14]. However, regarding the risk of snow accretion or accumulation, there are currently no validated engineering tools (test facility and numerical tools) available.…”