In the framework of the MUSIC-haic European project, the ONERA 3D accretion solver Film has been enhanced with ICI (Ice Crystal Icing) capabilities. These new features target different phenomena such as ice layer porosity, erosion due to ice crystals impacts, and also heat transfers with the solid surface. In ICI simulations, the erosion phenomena plays an active role on the ice shape, creating conical shapes which have been extensively studied. However, these shapes are currently modeled using a multi-step approach which requires a re-meshing procedure at each time step. Such a procedure, involving recomputing the flow-field and particle trajectories, would be very expensive for 3D simulations. The first part of this article is then devoted to present a new geometrical approach which is promising to take into account the erosion effect on the ice shape for 3D simulations without re-meshing. The other key point for ICI simulations is the modeling of thermal coupling with the wall. Indeed, this phenomenon is essential for simulations in engine environment or on anti-iced airfoils. The second part of the article is then dedicated to the implementation of an efficient algorithm for the thermal coupling with a 3D heat conduction solver.
This paper presents a new shallow-water type model suitable for the simulation of partially wetting liquid films without the need for very fine resolution of the contact line phenomena, which is particularly suitable for industrial applications. This model is based on the introduction of a color function, propagated at the averaged velocity of the bulk flow, and equal to one where there is a liquid film and zero in the dry zone, which implies a non zero gradient only at the interface. This approach has the advantage of easily locating the interface, allowing to model macroscopically the forces acting at the contact line, which is essential for the simulation of partial wetting phenomena. The formal derivation of this model is based on the principle of least action known as Hamilton's principle. Here this principle is applied in a full Eulerian form to derive the complete system of equations with the color function. This method proves to be particularly suitable for this type of development and as an illustration it is also applied to recover another model proposed by Lallement et al. [39, 73]. Finally, both models are compared from a theoretical point of view and the advantages of the new color function based model are discussed.
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