The marine ecology is diverse with innumerable types of natural substances, both of plant and animal origin. Padina tetrastromatica (PT) (Hauck) is a brown algae belonging to the order Dictyotales, found in coastal region. The objective of present investigation was to evaluate phytochemical profile of extracts of PT. The air dried plant material was defatted and extracted successively with solvents of increasing polarity. Incumbent study was performed with standard qualitative phytochemical tests and HPTLC fingerprint analysis using CAMAG HPTLC system. The results showed the presence of phytoconstituents like sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids and carbohydrates. Furthermore, components present in extracts were resolved in best possible solvent system by HPTLC. The chloroform extract of PT displayed eight peaks, in which those with Rf values 0.28 and 0.72 were more predominant. Whereas ethanol extract of PT exhibited nine peaks, in which maximum Rf value was found to be 0.82. In conclusion, the data of this study provide useful guide and suitability for investigation of biological activity of the plant according to the phytochemical groups observed. However, further work is needed to standardize the above chemical constituents in comparison with biomarker and this result can also be measured along with the other data for setting up the standards to this plant.
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder and enhances the glucose level in the blood. The synthetic antidiabetic agents are limited to the management of diabetes due to its adverse effects. The herbal medicines are the alternative and better option for the management of diabetes. Mostly Ayurvedic formulations are polyherbal formulation and impart chief role for the treatment of diabetes. The polyherbal formulation illustrates the combination of two or more herbs in formulation. The herbal components in the polyherbal formulation interacts leading to synergistic antidiabetic effect compared to the individual herb. Frequent available reports show evidence of synergistic effect of polyherbal drugs and their mechanism of action. But due to scanty availability of these reports in electronic libraries the researcher has to search the hard copies which leads to wastage of effort and time. To overcome these lacuna, this article was undertaken to scientifically review the in vitro and in vivo research studies on antidiabetic polyherbal formulations Further, the data presented in this review exploration of synergistic mechanisms of the antidiabetic polyherbal formulation will not only assist researchers to discover new phytomedicines or drug combinations but also support to avoid the possible negative synergy. Additionally, it would assist in clinical research for carrying out clinical trials to assess the efficacy of these herbal combinations and guide in understanding their synergistic mechanisms. , ,, ,,
COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, was first reported in Wuhan, China in late 2019. Till date, over 12.1 million people have contracted the disease across 221 countries in the world. The global fatality rate is about 6.2% thus far, and as of May 26th 2020, the highest confirmed cases were recorded in the USA, Brazil, Russia, Spain, UK, Italy and France. Several attempts to fight against the virus are taken by the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as other health agencies in various countries with reported confirmed cases. The present study has reviewed COVID-19 with respect to the clinical symptoms and signs, as well as factors that could exacerbate COVID-19 condition and transmission amongst people. Recent reports and studies have found the disease status to be of the predominantly mild condition and to a lesser extent, a critical/severe status. COVID-19 presents several clinical manifestations with symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, dizziness, anorexia, headache, expectoration, dyspnea, chest tightness, abdominal pain, diarrhea and nausea. Studies have observed age, obesity, smoking and drinking habit, immune system condition, human selectivity and reactivity as factors that can aggravate the disease condition, while poverty, fake news, non-validated scientific claims, and perception/illiteracy have been reported as risk components that could enhance the transmission of the viral infection. This study concludes by suggesting the appropriate methods to combat the factors discussed.
Sargassum ilicifolium (SI) is a tropical and subtropical marine macroalgae (brown algae) found in coastal area of India. Thais study investigated the anticonvulsant activity of SI in maximal electroshock (MES) induced convulsion and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsion in mice. The result of present study indicated that chloroform extract (600 mg/kg) and ethanol extract (400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg) of SI significantly decreased the duration of tonic hind limb extension in MES model, as well as it significantly increased the latency to onset of convulsions in PTZ model. These results were comparatively similar with the effect of phenytoin (25 mg/kg) and phenobarbitone (20 mg/kg). This activity may be due to the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids and saponin in chloroform and ethanol extract of Sargassum ilicifolium. However, further research will be necessary to investigate the exact mechanism underlying this anticonvulsant activity
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