Thyroid disorders are common in patients with Down syndrome, which can lead to significant impacts on the quality of life and cognitive development of these patients. Studies report a prevalence of 15-30% of thyroid disorders in patients with Down syndrome. Diagnosis of thyroid disorders in patients with Down syndrome is done using blood tests to measure levels of thyroid hormones and TSH. In addition, clinical evaluation is important to identify possible signs and symptoms of thyroid dysfunction, such as fatigue, weight gain or loss, intolerance to cold or heat, among others. To screen for thyroid disorders in patients with Down syndrome, the American Down Syndrome Society and the European Society recommend regular blood tests from birth and iodine prophylaxis to prevent thyroid dysfunction. The screening protocol must be individualized for each patient, taking into consideration, the factors such as age, family history and exposure to environmental risk factors. Treatment of hypothyroidism in patients with Down syndrome involves replacing thyroid hormones using medications such as levothyroxine. Furthermore, the adoption of non-pharmacological measures, such as diet and physical exercise, can help control the disease. The treatment of hyperthyroidism may involve the use of medications, such as propylthiouracil or methimazole, and, in more severe cases, treatment with radioactive iodine or surgery.
Introduction: Floods affect more than 102 million people worldwide, especially those in underdeveloped and vulnerable countries. Brazil over the past few years has experienced several floods, leaving dozens of deaths and irreparable economic losses. Objective: To understand the epidemiological profile of flood-related hospitalizations in the country according to each region, understanding the main consequences and the mechanisms to combat flooding implemented between 2008 and 2022. Methodology: This is a descriptive observational study, whose data were collected by the DataSUS platform. The collection was started from the Hospital Information System (SIH), through hospital morbidity data by means of notifications and hospitalizations between January 2008 and December 2022, using the disease category: Victim of flood ICD 10 -X38. Results and Discussion: In the country the distribution of hospitalizations is not uniform, affecting mainly the Northeast region and males. These disasters are responsible for causing, besides the infra-structural damage, physical and emotional sequels. Conclusion: Floods are chronic problems in Brazil and worldwide. Thus, understanding the most affected places and the most affected population is fundamental to propose prevention measures aimed at mitigating these impasses.
Introduction: Drowning is the process of respiratory failure due to submersion/ immersion in liquids, being responsible for generating a victim every 94 minutes in Brazil. Still, it is the second leading cause of accidents in young children in the country. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of hospitalizations due to drowning by falling into a swimming pool in Brazil between 1998 and 2022, understanding the main affected public, as well as the measures implemented to combat this situation. Methodology: This is a descriptive observational study, whose data were collected by the DataSUS platform. The collection started from the Hospital Information System (SIH), through hospital morbidity data by place of hospitalization between January 1998 and December 2022 through the category of disease: drowning and submersion resulting from falling into a swimming pool CID 10-W68. Results and discussion: Drowning on beaches, pools, rivers and dams are the cause of an average of 5,700 deaths per year in Brazil. Children and young men are the main victims. The most affected age group is between 1 and 4 years old and the main reason associated with drowning is the lack of attention from parents. Children with epilepsy and developmental disorders are risk factors for drowning. This way, protective measures are the best way to combat. Conclusion: Despite being something easily preventable, drowning, especially in children, is still common in Brazilian daily life. Thus, prevention measures for both children and adults and awareness programs must be used in order to reduce their mortality in the country.
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