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Product and byproducts of the citrus industry are destined mainly for export and they play a significant role in the Brazilian economy. The major threats to citrus production and business include weather conditions (abiotic stress) and plant disease epidemics (biotic stress), especially bacterial diseases. Historical examples of devastating bacterial diseases that have shaped and changed radically citrus production are found in many countries. It is important for citrus pathologists to become aware of the dimension of citrus business in terms of the global demand and consumption. For such, we gathered data from several sources and calculated the global consumption of Frozen Concentrate Orange Juice (FCOJ) 66°Brix equivalent, the main citrus industry product. A historical analysis of the 16 years (2013 to 2018) of the global consumption including total and per capita consumption of FCOJ was conducted. In addition, we summarized the consumer preferences regarding 100% juices, nectars, and juice drinks in the main market worldwide. The data depict the dynamics of consumption and the trends that drive consumer behavior in the food and fruit beverage market. We find that, despite a growth of 23.7% in the consumption of industrialized fruit drinks during the period, the consumption of 100% orange juice declined 22.78%. The drop in consumption of FCOJ has been accentuated in developed economies, such as Germany (− 44.75%), USA (− 42.41%), UK (− 26.80%), and France (− 14.34%). On the other hand, emerging economies have increased their consumption of FCOJ, as evidenced by BRICs plus Mexico (+ 75.52%). Food and beverage trends are leading different behaviors in the demand of orange juice globally, which tends to stabilize the global market. With this in mind, pathologists play a fundamental role in citrus chain, in order to guarantee that citrus suppliers continue providing good quality fruits to the industry and overcome the challenges of bacterial diseases.

Background Despite technical improvements in the citrus chain and leadership in orange production achieved in the past decades, premature fruit drop remains a major component of crop loss in São Paulo state citrus belt, the largest sweet orange production area in the world. The present study aimed to determine, during five consecutive seasons, the impact of the diseases and pests on premature fruit drop in the orange belt. Results Fruit drop due to the main diseases and pests averaged approximately 11.0%, which corresponded to approximately 63% of the annual fruit drop. The average fruit drop rate due to fruit borer and fruit flies combined was 4.0%, Huanglongbing (HLB) 3.3%, black spot 2.6%, leprosis 1.0% and citrus canker 0.3%. The average amount of fruit drop (million 40.8 kg boxes) and value of crop losses (million US$ dollars), in five seasons, were 12.7 and 66.2 for fruit borer/fruit flies, 11.0 and 57.9 for HLB, 8.1 and 42.2 for black spot, 3.1 and 15.6 for leprosis, and 0.9 and 4.9 for citrus canker, respectively. Conclusion Fruit borer and fruit flies (combined), HLB, black spot, leprosis and citrus canker are, in this order, the main diseases and pests in the orange belt of São Paulo state. All of these causes significantly increased the overall fruit drop rate in the evaluated seasons. The results will contribute to the development of the Brazilian citrus industry, while showing to other citrus‐growing regions the potential that diseases and pests have to jeopardize production. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Graph 3: Exchange ratio between a ton of fertilizer and a 40.8 kg boxes of oranges © Elaborated by Markestrat with data from ANDA.