This study examined the extent to which different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) protocols could influence psychophysiological responses in moderately active young men. Fourteen participants completed, in a randomized order, three cycling protocols (SIT: 4 × 30-second all-out sprints; Tabata: 7 × 20 seconds at 170% ⋮O; and HIIT: 10 × 60 seconds at 90% HR) and three running HIIT protocols (4 × 4 minutes at 90%-95% HR, 5 × at v⋮O, and 4 × 1,000 meters at a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 8, from the OMNI-Walk/Run scale). Oxygen uptake (⋮O), heart rate, and RPE were recorded during each interval. Affective responses were assessed before and after each trial. The Tabata protocol elicited the highest ⋮O and RPE responses, and the least pleasant session-affect among the cycling trials. The v⋮O elicited the highest ⋮O and RPE responses and the lowest mean session-affect among the running trials. Findings highlight the limited application of SIT and some HIIT protocols to individuals with low fitness levels.

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To compare the effects of different verbal commands on the perceptual, affective, and physiological responses during running. Methods: Twenty men who regularly performed aerobic exercise and running (mean age: 30.7±10.1 years; mean VO 2max : 55.3 ± 7.1 mL•kg −1 •min −1 ). All subjects completed four exercise sessions: a familiarization trail; three running sessions consisting of a self-selected pace defined by one of the verbal commands: low, moderate, or high. These conditions were counterbalanced. Each running session lasted 20 min. Affective responses (measured by the Feeling Scale and the Felt Arousal Scale) and physiological (measured by the hate rate and treadmill speed) were evaluated during each exercise session. Session RPE (OMNI-RES) was measured 15 min after each exercise session. Results: The perceptual and physiological responses were different for all verbal commands, with the intensity increasing according to the verbal commands given during running (p < 0.01). Affective responses to low and moderate exercise were similar and more pleasant than at high intensities; however, the affective responses to all verbal commands were positive. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that verbal commands can be used in running prescriptions. A moderate verbal command can promote greater perceptual and physiological stimuli than a low verbal command, without significant changes in affective responses.

This study compared central and peripheral fatigue development between the Sprint and Olympic distance triathlon. Fifteen male triathletes performed Sprint and Olympic triathlon simulations in a randomized and counterbalanced order. Central and peripheral fatigue was evaluated from changes in voluntary activation level (VAL) and twitch responses of quadriceps muscle (Q tw,pot ), respectively. Q tw,pot reduced from baseline to post-swimming similarly between triathlon simulations (Sprint,−17+11%; Olympic, −13+9%). In post-cycling, Q tw,pot further declined to a similar extent between triathlon distances (Sprint, −31+15%; Olympic, −28+11%). In postrunning, Q tw,pot was fully recovered in the Olympic triathlon (−4+10%), whereas there was only a partial recovery of Q tw,pot in the Sprint triathlon (−20+11%). VAL was not reduced in postswimming, but reduction was similar between triathlon distances in post-cycling (Sprint, −10+9%; Olympic, −8+8%) and post-running (Sprint, −15+14%; Olympic, −16+8%). In the Sprint triathlon, the swimming speed (1.07+0.13m.s −1 ) was above (p ,.001) critical speed (1.01+0.14m.s −1 ), the cycling power (179.7+27.2W) was below the respiratory compensation point (216.3+27.8W, p ,.001) and running speed (13.7+1.05km.h −1 ) similar to the respiratory compensation point (13.2+0.70km.h −1 , p =.124). In the Olympic triathlon, swimming speed (1.03+0.13m.s −1 ) was similar to critical speed (p =.392), and cycling power (165.3+27.3W) and running speed (12.6+1.05km.h −1 ) were below the respiratory compensation point (p ≤.007). In conclusion, peripheral fatigue progressed until post-cycling regardless of triathlon distances. However, peripheral fatigue was fully recovered after running in Olympic but not in Sprint triathlon. The central fatigue started in post-cycling and progressed until post-running regardless of triathlon distances. Highlights. The quadriceps muscle peripheral fatigue progresses similarly in Sprint and Olympic triathlons until post-cycling. . The quadriceps muscle peripheral fatigue is completely recovered after running in the Olympic triathlon, whereas it is partially recovered in the Sprint triathlon. . The central fatigue starts in post-cycling and progresses similarly until post-running in Sprint and Olympic triathlons, regardless of triathlon distances.

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