For sowing grain crops on stubble, stubble seeders with tine coulters are used, which perform technological operations in one pass. However, they do not meet the requirements of the agricultural machinery to ensure an even distribution of seeds in the sub-spear space. The subsoil no-drill planting creates the most favorable conditions for growth and development of cultivated crops and at the same time, grain crop yields are increased on average by 10…30%. Using no-drill planting, seeders equipped with spear coulters with spreaders for no-drill subsoil seeding provide the best quality and distribute the seeds evenly over the field. The article proposes the original design of the seed drill coulter for no-drill planting, which provides an even seed distribution over the feeding area. As a result of the theoretical researches the optimal parameters of the diffuser for the grain drill coulter are determined and the dependence between the unevenness on the test parameters of the diffuser and the height of the pendulum spreader, the base diameter are obtained. The purpose of this research is to develop the design and rationale of parameters of the grain drill for subsoil no-drill planting, the use of which will reduce the uneven distribution of grain crops seeds or mineral fertilizer granules.
Food security of the Russian Federation is one of the priorities of the economic and food policy. Step by step decrease in dependence of domestic agro-industrial complex on import of technologies, cars, and equipment is of great importance. While preparing the soil for sowing grain crops the machines and units, which are carrying out one definite operation, are often used. Their repeated passes on the surface of the processed field raise power expenses, lead to consolidation of the soil, emergence and development of erosive processes. In this regard further improvement of machines and units for preparation of the soil for sowing grain crops is required. For the solution of this problem the combined soil-cultivating unit providing plowing, crushing of soil blocks and mulching of a top soil is offered. The constructive and technological scheme of the combined soil-cultivating unit is proved. The method of calculation of the constructive process parameters of the specified unit is developed. Mathematical model of process of interaction of the active working body of the unit with the soil, regression models of dependence of quality of dyeing of the soil and traction resistance of the unit are received from its key parameters and operating modes (operating speed, angular speed of rotation of the drum and an angle of attack of the working body). Their optimum values are defined. It is received that use of the combined soil-cultivating unit provides for increase in maintenance of soil units of 0.025 in size-0.001 m, increase in porosity of the soil, decrease of dusty fraction in the contents of the soil.
The purpose of this paper is a theoretical study of the positioning accuracy of the end part of the developed flexible manipulator. The research was carried out on the basis of its computer and physical models. In the process of computer modelling with the use of Matlab Robotics Toolbox software environment and on the basis of the developed physical model, the principles of determining the position of the end part of a flexible manipulator at known tilt angles of links were set up, taking into account that the geometric dimensions of the models were identical. The results of modelling are presented in the graphs of the coordinate comparison. Based on the results of experiments, we can conclude that, in order to achieve high accuracy of positioning of the end part of a flexible manipulator, it is recommended to avoid the use of cardan joints between the links, or to choose cardan mechanisms with reduced free travel.
In many countries of the world with high climate humidity, grass seeds after their harvesting cannot be preserved without artificial drying. The artificial drying process is associated with high energy costs, and its regimes should not reduce the sowing quality of seeds. Therefore, it is of particular importance to determine the most suitable drying regimes for seeds. For this purpose, for the conditions of seed farms in the North-West of the Russian Federation, experimental studies were performed to obtain information on the parameters and modes of drying seeds of perennial grasses for their various initial states and conditions. Experimental studies were performed on a rotary dryer during the drying of meadow fescue seeds. The experimental data were analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2010 using the methods of mathematical statistics. The obtained mathematical dependencies made it possible to establish that the effective modes of drying the seeds of the studied culture are provided during their layer-by-layer unloading from the drying chamber. Moreover, the lower layer of seeds should be unloaded every 2.5 hours of drying, while adding to the upper layer of the drying chamber a new volume of seeds equal to the unloaded one.
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