Atmospheric and high pressure rig tests were conducted to investigate the feasibility of using biodiesel as an alternative fuel to power industrial gas turbines in one of the world’s leading dry low emissions (DLE) combustion systems, the SGT-100. At the same conditions, tests were also carried out for mineral diesel to provide reference information to evaluate biodiesel as an alternative fuel. In atmospheric pressure rig tests, the likelihood of the machine lighting was identified based on the measured probability of the ignition of a single combustor. Lean ignition and extinction limits at various air temperatures were also investigated with different air assist pressures. The ignition test results reveal that reliable ignition can be achieved with biodiesel across a range of air mass flow rates and air fuel ratios (AFRs). In high pressure rig tests, emissions and combustion dynamics were measured for various combustor air inlet pressures, temperatures, combustor wall pressure drops, and flame temperatures. These high pressure rig results show that biodiesel produced less NOx than mineral diesel. The test results indicate that the Siemens DLE combustion system can be adapted to use biodiesel as an alternative fuel without major modification.
The use of an innovative, intelligent control algorithm applied to the Siemens SGT-300 DLE engine is described. The algorithm ensures stable operation and minimises emissions over a wide variation in fuel composition. The Siemens 8MW class SGT-300 gas turbine has been in operation at the University of New Hampshire (USA) since 2006. As well as operating on natural gas or diesel, the engine also operates on a gas processed from a landfill. These gases have a variable Wobbe Index (WI) covering the range 29.7 to 49 MJ/m3. No modifications have been required to the standard DLE combustion hardware. Introduction of the intelligent control algorithm has been instrumental in achieving this tri-fuel capability. Accumulation of more than 10 000 hours running on non-standard fuel has been achieved. The intelligent control algorithm exploits knowledge of the stable operating window through continual modification of the fuel schedule to avoid both lean blow out and high metal temperatures. Operationally, this results in a reduction in the NOx emissions, through controlling the unmixedness, and higher engine reliability, through the response of the algorithm to flame stability. Combining these advantages the control algorithm can deliver reliable engine operation on variable composition fuels when using standard combustion hardware achieving single digit NOx emissions not only on natural gas but also on processed landfill gas. This paper describes the control algorithm and presents results of the development from high pressure combustion rig and engine development test to field operation with both natural gas and processed landfill gas.
The extension of gas fuel flexibility in the Siemens SGT-300 single shaft is reported. A successful development program has increased the capability of the Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery, Lincoln (STTL) diy low emissions (DLE) burner configuration to a fuel range covering a Wobbe index (Wl)from 15 to 49MJISm^. The WI reported in this paper is at a 15 °C fuel temperature. The standard SGT-300-1S SITL DLE combustion hardware allows for gas and liquid fuels within a specified range typically associated with natural gas and diesel, respectively. The range of the WI associated with natural gas is 37^9 MJ/Sm^. Eietd operation of the standard production SGT-300-1S has confinned the reliable operation with an extension to the fuels range to include processed landfill gas (PLG) from 30 to 49MJISm^. The further extension of the fuel range for the SGT-300-1S SITL DLE combustion system was achieved through high pressure testing of a single combustion system at engine operating conditions and representative fuels. The variations in the fuel heating value were achieved by blending natural gas with diluent CO2 and/or N2. Various diagnostics were used to assess the performance of the combustion system, including the measurement of combustion dynamics, temperature, fuel supply pressure, and the emissions of N0" CO, and unburned hydrocarbons (UHCs). The results of the testing showed that the standard production burner can operate for a fuel with a WI as low as 23 MJISm^, which corresponds to 35% CO2 (by volume) in the fuel. This range can be extended to l5MJISm^ (54.5% CO2 in the fuel) with only minor modification to control losses through the burner and to maintain similar fuel injection characteristics. The SITL DLE combustion system is able to cover a WI range of 15 to 49MJISm^ in two configurations. The results of testing showed a lowering in the WI, by diluting with CO2 and/or N2, so that a benefit in the NO,, reduction is observed. This decrease in the WI may lead to an increased requirement of the fuel supply pressure.
The extension of gas fuel flexibility in the Siemens SGT-300 single shaft (SGT-300-1S) is reported in this paper. A successful development programme has increased the capability of the Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery, Lincoln (SITL) dry low emissions (DLE) burner configuration to a fuel range covering a Wobbe Index (WI) from 15 to 49 MJ/m3. The standard SGT-300-1S SITL DLE combustion hardware allowed for gas and liquid fuels within a specified range typically associated with natural gas and diesel, respectively. Field operation of the standard production SGT-300-1S has confirmed the reliable operation with an extension to the fuels range to include processed land fill gas (PLG) from 32 to 49 MJ/m3. The further extension of the fuel range for the SGT-300-1S SITL DLE combustion system was achieved through high pressure testing of a single combustion system at engine operating conditions. The rig facility allowed for the actual fuel type to be tested using a mixing plant. The variations in fuel heating value were achieved by blending natural gas with diluent CO2 and/or N2. Various diagnostics were used to assess the performance of the combustion system including measurement of combustion dynamics, temperature, fuel supply pressure and emissions of NOx, CO and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC). The results of the testing showed that the standard production burner can operate for a fuel with WI as low as 23 MJ/m3 which corresponds to 35% CO2 (in volume) in the fuel. This range can be extended to 15 MJ/m3 (54.5% CO2 in the fuel) with only minor modification, to control losses through the burner and to maintain similar fuel injection characteristics. The SITL DLE combustion system is able to cover a WI range of 15 to 49 MJ/m3 in two configurations. The results of testing showed a lowering in WI, from diluting with CO2 and/or N2, a benefit in NOx reduction is observed. This decrease in WI may lead to an increased requirement in fuel supply pressure.
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