CFD analysis of the flow within a high-swirl lean premixed gas turbine combustor and over the 1st row nozzle guide vanes is presented. The focus of the investigation is the fluid dynamics at the combustor/turbine interface and its impact on the turbine. For the configuration in question, temperature indicating paint observations of the nozzle guide vanes, acquired during engine development tests, show features consistent with the presence of a highly rotating vortex core emerging from the combustor. The configuration was modelled by a fully compressible reacting CFD analysis, whose domain stretched from the exit of the combustor swirl generator to downstream of the 1st row nozzle guide vanes. The CFD analysis, when using a Reynolds stress turbulence model, predicted a highly rotating vortex core. The predicted interaction between the core and the nozzle guide vanes were consistent with the temperature indicating paint observations. The interaction is dominated by the vortex core being attracted to the locus of lowest static pressure.
Atmospheric and high pressure rig tests were conducted to investigate the feasibility of using biodiesel as an alternative fuel to power industrial gas turbines in one of the world’s leading dry low emissions (DLE) combustion systems, the SGT-100. At the same conditions, tests were also carried out for mineral diesel to provide reference information to evaluate biodiesel as an alternative fuel. In atmospheric pressure rig tests, the likelihood of the machine lighting was identified based on the measured probability of the ignition of a single combustor. Lean ignition and extinction limits at various air temperatures were also investigated with different air assist pressures. The ignition test results reveal that reliable ignition can be achieved with biodiesel across a range of air mass flow rates and air fuel ratios (AFRs). In high pressure rig tests, emissions and combustion dynamics were measured for various combustor air inlet pressures, temperatures, combustor wall pressure drops, and flame temperatures. These high pressure rig results show that biodiesel produced less NOx than mineral diesel. The test results indicate that the Siemens DLE combustion system can be adapted to use biodiesel as an alternative fuel without major modification.
This paper presents the results of a transient CFD analysis of the entire combustion system and the 1st row of nozzle guide vanes of a small gas turbine combustor. The focus of the investigation is the fluid dynamics within the combustor casing and its impact on combustor internal flows. Full-scale compressible transient CFD computations of a single combustor can of a Siemens gas turbine were performed. The casing flow of a 1/6th sector of the engine, corresponding to a single can was also simulated. Time dependent analyses of the combusting flow were performed for each case and the main features compared. In particular the main aerodynamic structures, such as vortex shedding and the Precessing Vortex Core (PVC), were characterised. A comparison was also made with non-combusting calculations to determine the effect of combustion. This work has taken the advantage of improvements in capabilities of numerical methods and computational power to develop design tools for gas turbine combustion systems. The work presented here is the first application of an improved turbulence model with the compressible solver in a gas turbine combustion system. This allows small scales of transient features to be captured. In addition, the presented work is the first simulation coupling the combustor aerodynamics to the casing flows.
Atmospheric and high pressure rig tests were conducted to investigate the feasibility of using biodiesel as an alternative fuel to power industrial gas turbines in one of the world’s leading Dry Low Emissions (DLE) combustion systems, the SGT-100. At the same conditions, tests were also carried out for mineral diesel to provide reference information to evaluate biodiesel as an alternative fuel. In the atmospheric pressure rig tests, the likelihood of the machine lighting was identified based on the measured probability of the ignition of a single combustor. Lean ignition and extinction limits at various air temperatures were also investigated with different air assist pressures. The ignition test results reveal that reliable ignition can be achieved with biodiesel across a range of air mass flow rates and air fuel ratios. In the high pressure rig tests, emissions and combustion dynamics were measured for various combustor air inlet pressures, temperatures, combustor wall pressure drops and flame temperatures. These high pressure rig results show that biodiesel produced less NOx than mineral diesel. The test results indicate that the Siemens DLE combustion system can be adapted to use biodiesel as an alternative fuel without major modification.
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