The authors based on the study of normative and statistical data reveal the processes of educational migration to the Russian Federation in the XXI century, its positive and negative consequences and significance for strengthening international relations. As a result of the research, the authors conclude that the presence of a large number of various projects and programs, international agreements and agreements, and the growing number of foreign students indicate the interest of the Russian Federation in the development of educational migration, which allows us to promote and support the Russian language and cultural heritage of the country within the framework of the "soft power" policy. This area is an important part of the development of Russia's political and international relations with other countries. The growth of foreign students indicates the strengthening of Russia's international relations in the field of education, primarily with the countries of the Afro-Asian region and the CIS.
This article is devoted to AUE, a street subculture on social media and in cities. The term AUE in Russian translates as "prisoners' ways are united", or "prisoners' criminal union". It is a subculture that promotes a criminal way of life, cultivates an image of a hooligan, and is based on hatred towards law enforcement. However, there is a certain stylization in all of that, especially when AUE manifests on Russian social media. Members are aged between 12-13 years and 25-30 years; there are older members as well. The goal of this study is to perform a comprehensive analysis of collective stereotypes about crime and prison that exist among the street youth. The phenomenon of AUE is viewed as a hierarchy of finance and power that solves the social problems that the youth faces. Financial and legal help may be provided to prisoners "from the street". It also creates youth financial institutions such as a shared cash fund and a system for financial and physical support. The article lists popular paradigms about crime and prison, and social practices of the street youth. This article also discusses the social and psychological features of AUE members by creating a generalized portrait of an AUE member. We also determine the degree of hostility of this movement to the state and society. Finally, we identify youth groups that may be targeted by the destructive AUE ideology.
In this article, based on the principles of historicism and objectivity, the authors consider the measures aimed at solving the religious issue by the government of A. Menderes in Turkey in the 1950s and 1960s. Acute social contradictions in Turkish society were caused by the issue of laicism policy. The separation of religion from the state with the confiscation of a huge material base from the clergy, the closure of theological educational institutions significantly undermined the authority and influence of the Turkish clergy on the socio-political life of the country. In the second half of the 50s, a gradual process of curtailing socio-economic reforms took place, and the Islamic factor is beginning to be actively used in politics. Thus, the authors of the article concluded that religious policy focused on the Islamization of the country.
The article reveals the main problems related to the Islamic factor in the political life of Uzbekistan. The crucial issue of gaining political identity is the attitude of States to human rights and the Islamic factor. Since the Republic was part of the USSR for a long time, an atheistic paradigm prevailed in political life. The Islamic factor is becoming a key factor in the problem of gaining cultural and national identity in Central Asia, as part of the national elite saw sovereign States under the flag of Islam and Sharia law. The authors note that the independence of States has set their leadership a serious task to preserve the main gains of the social state and the acquisition of religious identity in the lives of citizens of the country. The article shows the experience of harmonious coexistence of different faiths in a region where citizens retain their basic rights.
Educational migration being a part of social and intellectual migration is one of the most serious factors of the development of countries taking part in this process. Perspectivity and relevance of studying the dynamics of international relations of the Russian Federation from the perspective of educational migration are determined by opportunities to analyze the dynamics of the social structure of the society and mobility of different groups and communities under the influence of migration. The article using general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, etc.) and methods of applied statistics consider (on the basis of official statistical data) the dynamics of the group of foreign students and graduates studied in Russian institutions of higher education, their distribution across the country, trying to find out the regions for which Russian education is more attractive. Authors draw conclusions that for foreign students Russian Federation is getting more attractive that is proven by the increase in their amount from the early 2000-s.
The objective of the research was to discuss the conflictive nature of the migratory processes that occur in the world today. The need to adapt and solve daily problems inevitably requires the State to implement international, state and regional standards for the implementation of the rights and opportunities of migrants both in the territory of the donor country and in the territory of the recipient country. On the other hand, we see an increase in the phobia of migrants and the characteristic racism of countries where labor migration flows are increasing. In methodological terms, use was made of hermeneutics close to political ethnography. It is concluded that, for a long time, the criticism of racism has developed as a criticism of colonialism, Nazism, including anti-Semitism, and in modern times as a political criticism of migration-phobia and nationalism, in which the Racist speech and practices have found and do find obvious and complete expression. Migrant phobia is a concept that latently generates motives of political, ideological, racial, national, religious hatred, xenophobia, or hostility towards an ethnic or social group within the framework of social practices.
Nowadays educational migration is still one of the most relevant topics for Russian and foreign scientists and understudied topic at the same time. Despite the many published sources including quantitative and qualitative aspects of the process, the set of topics under consideration is quite limited (adaptation of foreign students, brain drain, demographical characteristics of migrants, etc.). The article using scientific principles of systematicity and general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison, classification, etc.) considers the dynamics of the changes in the amount of foreign students from the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States to the Russian Federation (including which countries they are from), correlation of the process with forming-up Common Education Space in Russia and CIS. The study conducted led to the conclusion that the actions by government agencies of the Russian Federation, higher education institutions and scientific organizations allowed stopping the negative process of foreign students drain, which took place in 1990-s, promoting and increasing the educational migrant influx from the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States from 2000 to 2007. Among the leaders in the number of students studying at Russian universities, in early 1990-s there were Kazakhstan, Ukraine and Belorussia and in 2017 there were Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
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