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α-1,4-Oligogalacturonides with degrees of polymerization (DPs) ranging from 6 to 18 or 2 to 8 were added to tobacco leaf explants and root formation was evaluated after 15 days of incubation. Auxin-induced formation of roots was inhibited by oligogalacturonides with DPs 6–18 but not by the oligogalacturonides with DPs 2–8. The inhibition of root formation by the larger oligogalacturonides was prevented by increasing the amount of auxin present in the medium. Oligogalacturonides (DPs 6–18) also inhibited root formation when added to tobacco thin cell-layer (TCL) explants in a medium that is known to induce the formation of roots. The addition of size-homogeneous oligogalacturonides, to either tobacco leaf explants or TCLs, established that oligogalacturonides with DPs between 10 and 14 were most active in inhibiting the formation of roots. These data suggest that oligogalacturonides of the same size as those known to elicit plant defense responses, and to affect floral development and membrane functions, also inhibit the induction of root morphogenesis in tobacco

SummaryThe maize proteinase inhibitor ( mpi ) gene was introduced into two elite japonica rice

SummarySeven homozygous transgenic lines of two European commercial cultivars of rice (Ariete (A) and Senia (S)), harbouring the cry1B or cry1Aa Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) δ -endotoxin genes, were field evaluated for protection from striped stem borer (SSB) ( Chilo suppressalis ) of protection, with a notably low level of penetration of SSB larvae in the stems, but higher external symptoms than constitutive lines, probably due to the time lag to benefit from the protective effect of Cry1B.

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Pectic fragments of cell wall polysaccharides, released from the walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells by treatment with endopolygalacturonase, were tested for morphogenesis-regulating activity in a modified tobacco thin-cell-layer explant (TCL) bioassay (D. Mohnen, S.