Following impact, wound healing was investigated in roots of sugar beet using¯uorescence microscopy in conjunction with a conventional lignin test. Samples of sugar beet roots were harvested at dierent stages of development and impacted in the laboratory with a falling bolt delivering 1±4 Joules. A response in the form of deposition of brown material, presumed to be melanin, along the outer and inner walls of cells at the wound surface was observed within 3 d of impact. This material eventually became granular in appearance. Formation of a ligno-suberized boundary layer from cells present at the time of impact ®rst occurred in 16-week-old roots 9 d after impact. Intensity of calco¯uor uorescence supported the ®ndings made using light microscopy. As wound healing progressed with time, the intensity of calco¯uor¯uorescence declined, demonstrating interference by wound healing products with calco¯uor binding. Aggressive harvest and subsequent storage dramatically reduced calco¯uor¯uorescence indicating that this dye may have potential value in the assessment of tissue damage.# 2001 Annals of Botany Company
A high-throughput enzyme-coupled assay is described for the determination of sucrose, glucose and fructose in sugar beet roots. This method is sensitive, rapid and inexpensive and has been used to highlight the increases in sucrose loss following root stresses such as freezing or aggressive harvesting. Sugar beet roots lose 12.5% of their sucrose following an episode of impact damage greater than 2 J, rising to 19.7% loss after 8 J, with concurrent increases in glucose and fructose. Increases in glucose and fructose are particularly pronounced following a period of clamp storage (up to 2.3 and 3.3 mg mg À1 fresh weight, respectively). INTRODUCTIONThe UK sugar beet crop provides more than half of the UK sugar requirement, the remainder being provided by cane sugar imports. Sucrose losses arising from postharvest damage cost the UK sugar beet industry £12 million per annum. Sugar beet bruising or damage at harvest is one of the major problems of crop quality facing the modern processing industry. Impact damage to sugar beet is a major cause of sugar loss in the UK; an estimated 90 g kg À1 of the sucrose content is lost at harvest and at least 1 g kg À1 day À1 thereafter. 1 Subsequent reduction in sugar content can be caused by respiration, invasion by bacteria or fungi, and conversion of sucrose to reducing sugars. The losses are much greater in a mild winter when ambient conditions remain warm. 2 Every stage in the chain of handling of sugar beet from harvesting to processing can cause impact damage to the crop. Strategies are adopted to minimise impacts; for example, taking care when building a clamp to avoid root compression and bruising. Harvester forward speed and the speed of turbine rotation can in¯uence the impact damage received by sugar beet and should be adjusted to suit the individual situation, taking account of soil type and environmental factors. 3 In order to clean the crop, turbines are required to run at high speed to reduce the quantity of soil adhering to the beet; however, at high speeds it is likely that the sugar beet will receive greater impacts. 4 A compromise must be struck between the
Imazethapyr inhibits the progression of the cell cycle in potato (Solanum tubemsum L.) root tips. A variety of existing methods were developed and adapted for the determination of mitotic index in potatoes. Significantly lower numbers of mitotically dividing cells were recorded after just 30 min of incubation with imazethapyr (0.35 p~) and the effect was characterised as an inhibition of mitotic entry. Imazethapyr inhibits a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids, valine, leucine and isoleucine. The inhibition of mitotic entry can be considered to be a secondary manifestation of a primary metabolic change induced by imazethapyr.
The use of imazethapyr as a sprout suppressant in potatoes has been investigated. Novel radionuclide techniques were developed to establish the patterns of uptake and movement of imazethapyr in potatoes. Protocols for tissue analysis were established to homogenise potato tuber tissue samples, enabling radiolabel recovery by liquid scintillation counting to approach 100%. The movement of imazethapyr was also examined in the presence of an acidic formulation of thiabendazole which caused increased uptake. The movement of imazethapyr within the tuber was also influenced by pH and ion trapping.
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