BackgroundObesity leads to a chronic inflammatory state, endothelial dysfunction and
hypertension.ObjectiveTo establish the time-course of events regarding inflammatory markers,
endothelial dysfunction, systolic blood pressure (SBP) in obesity in only
one experimental model.MethodsWe fed male Wistar rats (eight-week age) with a standard diet (Control - CT,
n = 35), or palatable high-fat diet (HFD, n = 35) for 24 weeks. Every six
weeks, 7 animals from each group were randomly selected for euthanasia. SBP
and serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α,
C-reactive protein, adiponectin and nitric oxide were determined.
Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle functions were determined in
dissected aorta and lipid peroxidation was measured. Statistical
significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsLevels of pro-inflammatory cytokines began to increase after six weeks of a
high-fat diet, while those of the anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin
decreased. Interestingly, the endothelial function and serum nitric oxide
began to decrease after six weeks in HFD group. The SBP and lipid
peroxidation began to increase at 12 weeks in HFD group. In addition, we
showed that total visceral fat mass was negatively correlated with
endothelial function and positively correlated with SBP.ConclusionOur results show the time-course of deleterious effects and their correlation
with obesity.
BackgroundDespite knowing that resveratrol has effects on blood vessels, blood pressure
and that phytostrogens can also improve the endothelium-dependent
relaxation/vasodilation, there are no reports of reveratrol's direct effect
on the endothelial function and blood pressure of animals with estrogen
deficit (mimicking post-menopausal increased blood pressure).ObjectiveTo verify the effect of two different periods of preventive treatment with
resveratrol on blood pressure and endothelial function in ovariectomized
young adult rats. Methods3-month old female Wistar rats were used and distributed in 6 groups: intact
groups with 60 or 90 days, ovariectomized groups with 60 or 90 days, and
ovariectomized treated with resveratrol (10 mg/kg of body weight per day)
for 60 or 90 days. The number of days in each group corresponds to the
duration of the experimental period. Vascular reactivity study was performed
in abdominal aortic rings, systolic blood pressure was measured and serum
nitric oxide (NO) concentration was quantified. ResultsOvariectomy induced blood pressure increase 60 and 90 days after surgery,
whereas the endothelial function decreased only 90 days after surgery, with
no difference in NO concentration among the groups. Only longer treatment
(90 days) with resveratrol was able to improve the endothelial function and
normalize blood pressure. ConclusionOur results suggest that 90 days of treatment with resveratrol is able to
improve the endothelial function and decrease blood pressure in
ovariectomized rats.
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